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1. English fleet and bad weather cripple Spanish Armada
2. Glory of Rome restored after 1527 raid
3. Protestant churches arise in Europe
4. Ottoman Empire continues to expand
5. Spanish topple Aztec Empire
6. Inca Empire falls to conquistadors
7. Mughal Empire takes over much of southern Asia
8. New World populations devastated by disease
9. Russia's Ivan IV terrorizes his people
10. Earthquake rocks central China

9. Russia's Ivan IV terrorizes his people

Ivan IV was crowned czar in 1547. He extended the power of the czar over all Russia and set up a centralized government that strengthened the country. But his intense cruelty spread fear throughout Russia, and his laws bound many peasants to the land as serfs.

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