1. Seljuk armies take over parts of Asia, Byzantine lands
2. Eastern and Western Christian churches split
3. Norman armies conquer England
4. Armed pilgrims recapture the Holy Land
5. Toltec empire continues to flourish
6. Cities in Africa and Europe grow
7. Commerce across the Sahara in Africa thrives
8. Chinese culture flowers under the Song dynasty
9. Ghana Empire in turmoil

7. Commerce across the Sahara in Africa thrives

Commerce is on the rise across the Sahara as increasing numbers of traders seek gold, ivory, and other riches from regions south of Ghana. North African Arab traders exchange salt, copper, and other goods for these riches from the south.

Read authoritative accounts of life in the "land of gold." Click here.

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