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Volume Number: | 1 | |||
Issue Number: | 9 | |||
Column Tag: | Programmer's Forum |
"PrLink Source for MacAsm"
By Paul F. Snively, MacTutor Contributing Editor
Well, if you have been following MacTutor for any length of time, you are probably aware that we are dedicated to the proposition that the Mac can be programmed with any of a number of languages that are available for the Mac, on the Mac.
What does it mean to program the Mac, though? Much has been made of the "standard user interface guidelines," which is a fancy way of saying that Apple Computer, Inc. thinks that all Mac applications should bear at least a passing resemblance to each other. From the user's point of view, this is a Godsend.
If you have read Inside Macintosh you are aware that there are at least three things that Apple says should be consistent from application to application: the apple menu, the file menu, and the edit menu.
Several people have gone into detail as to how to create a full-featured apple menu and edit menu for Mac applications. More recently, the "Open..." option (i.e. the standard file interface) has gotten a close look. Until now, however, no one has really looked at the obvious remaining element in a Mac application, namely, the "Print..." option.
I'm going to dodge the menu setup; I detest reinventing the wheel. If you are unsure as to how to create a "Print..." menu option which prints the current document associated with your application, I suggest that you get some MacTutor back issues and start reading. I am only going to concern myself here with the actual printing of text and graphics from within an assembly language application.
PrLink Source Missing
If you are using the release version of MDS, you are probably wondering what the big deal is. After all, MDS includes a file called PrLink.Rel which can simply be linked into your application and provides support for all of the printing manager routines. This is entirely true. If you are using MDS, don't bother to continue reading unless the theory behind the printing manager interface interests you, because the code is written for MacASM owners, who weren't blessed with a canned interface to the printing manager. [Note that Apple did not supply the source code to PrLink.Rel. How come? -Ed.]
Allow me to editorialize for a moment here. (Contributing editors can do that, can't they)? There is probably no area of the toolbox (if it can properly be called "part of the toolbox") that is so shrouded in mystery as the printing manager. The only program that I own that actually works through the printing manager is MacWrite (well, perhaps MacPaint does too, although I think it works at a lower level than MacWrite does). Of all of the development tools that I own, NOT ONE of them uses the printing manager -they simply open the serial port and start sending ASCII codes out. This is hardly the most device- independent way of doing things; as David Smith has noticed, that technique tends not to work with the LaserWriter, for example. So, it is important to work through the printing manager for reasons of compatibility, as well as to have the ability to use the font manager and Quickdraw to create graphics on the printer.
The primary reason that the printing manager is so neglected is that, unlike most areas of the toolbox, there is virtually no correlation between how the printing manager is accessed in PASCAL and how it is accessed in assembler (once again, unless you are using MDS - but even at that PrLink.Rel won't win any awards for being well-documented). In PASCAL, you simply use the appropriate functions and/or procedures, giving the proper parameters - no big deal. In assembly, though, you must deal with the printing resource file, overlays, dialog boxes, and so on - right down at the nuts and bolts level. The code that follows is my attempt to provide much the same easy access to the printing manager routines as PrLink.Rel does for MDS users.
Code Resources
If you have been following the whole discussion about resources, you have probably become aware that they are found (for the most part) in two places: within the application's file and within the system resource file (called, aptly, "System"). What you may or may not be aware of is that your application can also open other resource files to draw needed resources from. Opening resource files creates entries in a linked list - the most recently opened resource file is the first one searched, with the application itself being second to last, and the system resource file last.
The printing manager routines exist as resources in the printing resource file. Since resources can be executable code, Apple decided to use that approach (probably in order to allow for device independence as far as printers go - it'd be mighty hard to support a laser printer if the printing manager routines were in ROM). Interfacing to the printing manager consist of loading these resources as necessary and executing the code within them.
My Own PrLink Source
The "Print.Asm" code takes care of all of the dirty work for us by giving us the same routines as PASCAL users have. These routines can be described as follows:
The PrOpen routine opens the printing resource file and also opens the printer driver for us. We can then use the driver directly or through the high-level printing manager routines.
The PrStlDialog function is most commonly associated with the "Page Setup..." menu option. It allows the user to describe the page to the computer.
The PrJobDialog function is the one that is actually invoked upon choosing "Print..." and consists of the usual choices regarding pages to print, type of paper to use, and quality of printing.
The PrintDefault procedure simply fills in the PrintRec with the default values associated with that printer. This is useful for preventing weird values from popping up in PrintRec and for making it possible to set up a commonly used set of values (the default changes every time you answer the dialogs).
PrValidate makes sure that the PrintRec you pass to it is valid as far as the printing manager is concerned. This is handy if your application expects to find the PrintRec for a document within the document itself (yes, you can do that). Simply read the PrintRec from the document and do a PrValidate on it. PrValidate will fail (returning a boolean "false") if the PrintRec is not compatible with the current printing manager software.
PrJobMerge is useful if your application allows for printing of multiple documents in succession (in other words, if it allows the user to select several document icons from the Finder and use the "Print..." option in the Finder's file menu -technically, any application that allows printing should allow this). PrJobMerge copies the results of the dialogs into all of the PrintRecs for the documents that were passed to it, so that the user's selections will be used for all of the documents.
Asm Routines Mimic Pascal Interface
PrOpenDoc is the procedure that is actually responsible for preparing the printing manager to accept printer instructions. What this routine actually does depends upon whether the user selected draft printing or not. In draft, all operations are sent to the printer without further ado. With standard or high quality printing, the pages are sent to disk first, and then are printed using the PrPicFile procedure.
PrOpenPage starts a new page. This is particularly important in non-draft printing, since what essentially happens is that Quickdraw draws the "page" as a picture, except that it stores it on disk instead of putting it in a bitmap in RAM. PrOpenPage is then the printing equivalent of the OpenPicture toolbox trap.
PrClosePage is the printing equivalent of ClosePicture. It lets Quickdraw know that this picture (page) is done.
PrCloseDoc lets the printing manager know that the document is finished. The primary purpose of this seems to be for non-draft printing. It removes the special routing of Quickdraw traps and allows Quickdraw to work with bitmaps again instead of the printer.
PrPicFile is the procedure that prints non-draft quality documents. It allows for background processing (which usually consists of popping up a dialog box pointing out that printing is taking place and can be cancelled by holding down the command and period keys, and, upon return from the printing manager, removing the dialog).
All of these assembly language routines are intended to look exactly like their PASCAL counterparts in setup. The rule is that whenever a PASCAL function or procedure is described, the assembly equivalent takes its parameters in the same order as the PASCAL routine (in other words, the first parameter to a PASCAL routine is the first thing pushed for the assembly routine). This code obeys that particular rule, as you will see upon examining the sample program "PrintExamp.Asm." In the meantime, here is the MacASM code that links you, the programmer, to the printing manager.
00010 ;SAVE "Print.Asm" 00020 PrOpen BSR DOPEN ;Open the printer driver 00030 BNE.S NOERR ;If an error occured, exit 00040 MOVEQ #$00,D1 ;Flag for open 00050 BRA.S GETNAME ;Get printer resource filename 00060 PrClose MOVEQ #$01,D1 ;Flag for close 00070 GETNAME SUBQ #$04,SP ;Make room for result 00080 MOVE.L #$53545220,-(SP) ;Resource type "STR " 00090 MOVE.W #$E000,-(SP) ;ID # $E000 00100 TBX GetResource ;Self-explanatory 00110 MOVE.L (SP)+,D0 ;Get handle 00120 BEQ.S NILHAND ;Error if handle = NIL 00130 MOVEA.L D0,A1 ;Put handle in A1 00140 SUBQ #$02,SP ;Make space for result 00150 BSET #$0007,(A1) ;Lock the master pointer 00160 MOVE.L (A1),-(SP) ;Move master pointer to stack 00170 TBX OpenResFile ;Open printer resource file 00180 MOVE.W (SP)+,D0 ;Get result 00190 BCLR #$0007,(A1) ;Unlock master pointer 00200 BSR.S ERRCHK ;Was there a problem? 00210 TST.W D1 ;OPEN or CLOSE call? 00220 BEQ.S NOERR ;If OPEN, we're done 00230 MOVE.W D0,-(SP) ;Else drop result back on stack 00240 TBX CloseResFile ;And close the printer res file 00250 ERRCHK MOVE.W $0A60,$0944 ;Move resource err to PrErr 00260 BEQ.S NOERR ;If there was no problem, return 00270 ADDQ.W #$04,SP ;Else drop return address 00280 NOERR RTS ;Return to caller 00290 NILHAND MOVE.W #$FF40,$0944 ;Out of memory error 00300 RTS ;Return to caller 00310 PrintDefault MOVE.W #$8000,D1 ;Offset 0 00320 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code 00330 PrStlDialog MOVE.W #$8004,D1 ;Offset 4 00340 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code 00350 PrJobDialog MOVE.W #$8008,D1 ;Offset 8 00360 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code 00370 PrValidate MOVE.W #$8018,D1 ;Offset $18 00380 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code 00390 PrJobMerge MOVE.W #$801C,D1 ;Offset $1C 00400 BRA.S OVL4 ;Execute overlay code 00410 PrOpenDoc MOVEA.L $000C(SP),A0 ;Get handle to print record 00420 MOVEA.L (A0),A0 ;Dereference handle 00430 MOVEQ #$03,D0 ;Mask for all possible ptypes 00440 AND.B $0044(A0),D0 ;Which bit in record is set? 00450 MOVEQ #$FFFFFFFC,D1 ;All bits but lowest 2 00460 AND.B D1,$0946 ;Mask off lowest 2 bits 00470 OR.B D0,$0946 ;Set correct ptype bit 00480 MOVEQ #$00,D1 ;Offset 0 00490 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper overlay 00500 PrCloseDoc MOVE.W #$8004,D1 ;Offset 4 00510 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper overlay 00520 PrOpenPage MOVEQ #$08,D1 ;Offset 8 00530 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper overlay 00540 PrClosePage MOVEQ #$0C,D1 ;Offset $C 00550 BRA.S OVL3 ;Adjust for proper overlay 00560 PrPicFile MOVEQ #$00,D1 ;Offset 0 00570 MOVEQ #$05,D0 ;Overlay 5 00580 BRA.S EXECOVL ;Execute overlay code 00590 OVL4 MOVEQ #$04,D0 ;Overlay 4 00600 BRA.S EXECOVL ;Execute overlay code 00610 OVL3 MOVEQ #$03,D0 ;Mask for overlay bit 00620 AND.B $0946,D0 ;Mask off all but correct bit 00630 EXECOVL LEA SAVEREGS(PC),A0 ;Register save area 00640 MOVEM.L D4/A3/A4,(A0) ;Save pertinent registers 00650 MOVE.L D1,D4 ;Copy offset 00660 MOVEA.L (SP)+,A3 ;Get return address 00670 LEA SAVESTK(PC),A0 ;Point to stack save area 00680 MOVE.L SP,(A0) ;Save current stack address 00690 SUBQ.L #$04,SP ;Make room for result 00700 MOVE.L #$50444546,-(SP) ;"PDEF" type resource 00710 MOVE.W D0,-(SP) ;Which overlay? 00720 TBX GetResource ;Get that overlay 00730 MOVE.L (SP)+,D0 ;Handle to overlay 00740 BEQ.S OVLERR ;If no handle, overlay error 00750 MOVEA.L D0,A4 ;Put handle in address reg 4 00760 BSET #$0007,(A4) ;Lock master pointer 00770 MOVEA.L (A4),A0 ;Get master pointer in A0 00780 MOVEQ #$00,D0 ;Zero out D0 00790 MOVE.B D4,D0 ;Move offset to D0 00800 ADDA.L D0,A0 ;Add offset to master pointer 00810 MOVE.L A0,-(SP) ;Put result on stack 00820 CLR.B (SP) ;Zero out first byte's garbage 00830 MOVEA.L (SP)+,A0 ;Get real address in A0 00840 JSR (A0) ;Execute overlay code 00850 TST.W D4 ;Check out D4 00860 BPL.S NOUNLOCK ;Go if no unlock needed 00870 BCLR #$0007,(A4) ;Else unlock master pointer 00880 NOUNLOCK MOVEA.L A3,A1 ;Return address to A1 00890 LEA SAVEREGS(PC),A0 ;Point to register save area 00900 MOVEM.L (A0),D4/A3/A4 ;Get regs contents back 00910 JMP (A1) ;And return to caller 00920 OVLERR MOVE.W #$FF40,$0944 ;Put error code in PrintVars 00930 MOVEA.L SAVESTK(PC),SP ;Get pristine stack back 00940 BRA.S NOUNLOCK ;Back to calling program 00950 SAVEREGS DEFS 12 ;12 bytes for registers 00960 SAVESTK DEFS 4 ;4 bytes for the stack pointer 00970 DOPEN MOVEQ #$18,D0 ;Clear $19 words on stack 00980 CLEAR CLR.W -(SP) 00990 DBRA D0,CLEAR 01000 LEA DVRNAME(PC),A0 ;Pointer to driver name 01010 MOVE.L A0,$0012(SP) ;Place in data structure 01020 MOVEA.L SP,A0 ;Point to beginning of data 01030 OST Open ;Open the driver 01040 CLEANUP ADDA.W #$32,SP ;Remove data from stack 01050 MOVE.W D0,$0944 ;Save result in PrintVars 01060 RTS ;And return to caller 01070 DCLOSE SUBA.W #$32,SP ;Make room for data structure 01080 MOVEA.L SP,A0 ;Point to data structure 01090 MOVE.W #$FFFD,$0018(A0) ;Move reference number to data 01100 OST Close ;Close the driver 01110 BRA.S CLEANUP ;Clean up stack and return 01120 DVRNAME STR ".Print" ;Name of printer driver 01130 ADJST
The printing manager interface listed above took a lot of reading about memory management, device driver management, and the printing manager to work out. You may notice that the only low level operations performed are opening and closing the printer driver (and some of you may be wondering why I tossed in the printer driver close). I have found no use for the low level printer driver routines, so I didn't include them. Feel free to add them if you wish.
I added the printer driver close because I'm kind of a neatnik when it comes to what I leave lying around in my code. If I need to open the driver, then I prefer to close it when I am through with it. Since PrClose does not close the driver (it only closes the printer resource file, in accordance with IM), I added DCLOSE out of my own sense of propriety.
Apple's Printing Example
Now that you can see how to get from the description of the PASCAL routines to the assembly language equivalent, how do you use these routines? Answering that question is the purpose of the next program, "PrintExamp.Asm."
"PrintExamp.Asm" is simply the MacASM version of the "TestPrint.Asm" source code that was included with MDS. THIS CODE IS ORIGINAL ONLY INASMUCH AS I REWROTE IT FOR MACASM! (Program starts on the next page.)
Print Example in Assembly
The PrintExamp program teaches us several things about the interface to the printing manager. First, it succeeds at working exactly like PASCAL routines (the first parameters listed are the first ones on the stack). Second, it is self-contained (you need not define any globals or what have you for the interface per se ). Third, it works.
Most importantly, PrintExamp shows how to determine how much Quickdraw material will fit on a page. Examine lines 590-690 of PrintExamp closely. This code calculates the pertinent info about the size of the page by using the GetFontInfo toolbox trap (plus a little simple mathematics). If you are dealing with graphics objects other than fonts, the pertinent information to remember is that there are 72 dots per inch both on the Macintosh screen and on the printer (which is how the coordinates for a 5" by 5" oval become 0,0,5*72,5*72).
The major data structure associated with the printing manager routines is the PrintRec. For the most part, all you have to worry about is allocating it and keeping track of the handle (see PrintExamp.Asm and IM for more information).
Your application's file menu should ideally have both "Page Setup..." and "Print..." options. "Page Setup..." is associated with the PrStlDialog. "Print..." is associated with the PrJobDialog, and then with the routines necessary to actually do the printing.
Your application should also check the Finder info block upon startup to see if it needs to print more than one document. If it does, it should use PrJobMerge to apply the results of the dialogs to all documents in the batch.
Well, that wraps up my coverage of the printing manager! If you have any further questions, please drop me a line c/o MacTutor. Enjoy!
00010 ;SAVE "PrintExamp.Asm" 00020 LIST OFF 00030 *-------------------------------- 00040 ; Macintosh printing manager example program 00050 ; Copyright (c) 1985 MacTutor 00060 *-------------------------------- 00070 ; Example source code translated from MDS format by Paul F. Snively 00080 *-------------------------------- 00090 ; "Print.Asm" include file (interface to printing manager) written by 00100 ; Paul F. Snively 00110 *-------------------------------- 00120 charCount EQU 120 ;Characters to print per line 00130 countAndLen EQU charCount+2 ;charCount and length byte 00140 monaco EQU 4 ;Monaco is font # 4 00150 ascent EQU 0 ;Offset into font info record 00160 descent EQU 2 ;ditto 00170 leading EQU 6 ;ditto 00180 prInfo EQU 2 ;Offset into printer info rec 00190 rPage EQU 6 ;ditto 00200 bottom EQU 4 ;Offset into rect structure 00210 iPrintSize EQU 120 ;Print Record size 00220 iPrStatSize EQU 26 ;Size of printer status record 00230 *-------------------------------- 00240 INCLUDE "Library.Asm" 00250 *-------------------------------- 00260 GLOBAL L+iPrStatSize,$CE 00270 DEFV L,hPrintRec 00280 DEFV iPrStatSize,prStatus 00290 ENDG 00300 *-------------------------------- 00310 TFILE "Buffer.Bin" ;Target file for assembly 00320 RFILE "PrintExamp",APPL,PRTX,$2000 ;Resource file 00330 *-------------------------------- 00340 SEG 1,52 00350 *-------------------------------- 00360 Start BSR InitManagers ;Initialize managers 00370 BSR PrOpen ;Open print manager 00380 BRA EventLoop ;Go start event loop 00390 *-------------------------------- 00400 InitManagers PEA -4(A5) ;Standard init sequence 00410 TBX InitGraf ;Init Quickdraw 00420 TBX InitFonts ;Init Font manager 00430 MOVE.L #$0000FFFF,D0 ;Flush all events 00440 TBX FlushEvents 00450 TBX InitWindows ;Init Window manager 00460 TBX InitMenus ;Init Menu manager 00470 CLR.L -(SP) ;No restart procedure 00480 TBX InitDialogs ;Init Dialog manager 00490 TBX TEInit ;Init Text Edit 00500 TBX InitCursor ;Turn on arrow cursor 00510 RTS 00520 *-------------------------------- 00530 MyDrawPage MOVEM.L D3-D6/A3-A4,-(SP) ;Save registers 00540 PEA tRect(PC) ;Push tRect 00550 TBX FrameOval ;Draw a 5" by 5" oval 00560 MOVE #monaco,-(SP) ;Push monaco font # 00570 TBX TextFont ;Set font (default size) 00580 ;Get font info to determine line spacing 00590 LINK A6,#-8 ;Make room for fontInfo 00600 MOVE.L SP,A4 ;A4 points to fontInfo 00610 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pointer to fontInfo 00620 TBX GetFontInfo ;Get the fontInfo record 00630 MOVE ascent(A4),D4 ;Calculate line height 00640 ADD descent(A4),D4 00650 ADD leading(A4),D4 ;D4 has line height 00660 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),A0 ;Point to print record 00670 MOVE.L (A0),A0 ;dereference handle 00680 MOVE prInfo+rPage+bottom(A0),D6 ;Get page bottom coord. 00690 SUB descent(A4),D6 ;Adjust for font descent 00700 *-------------------------------- 00710 ;Print a page of characters. 00720 ; 00730 ;A3 points to the print string 00740 ; 00750 ;D3 has current line position 00760 ;D4 has vertical distance between lines 00770 ;D5 has current line number 00780 ;D6 has bottom (vertical) coordinate of page 00790 ; 00800 MOVE #1,D5 ;Set initial line no. 00810 MOVE D4,D3 ;Set initial line position 00820 LINK A6,#-countAndLen ;Space for char string 00830 MOVE.L SP,A3 ;A3 points to string 00840 MOVE.B #charCount,(A3) ;Set length byte 00850 ;Fill print string with characters. 00860 MOVE #$20,D0 ;ASCII value for space 00870 MOVE #charCount-1,D1 ;Count-1 00880 MOVE.L A3,A0 ;Point to string 00890 ADDQ #1,A0 ;Bump past length byte 00900 .1 MOVE.B D0,(A0)+ ;Fill in string 00910 ADDQ #1,D0 ;Next char 00920 DBRA D1,.1 ;Loop until done 00930 Ploop MOVE #0,-(SP) ;MoveTo start of line 00940 MOVE D3,-(SP) 00950 TBX MoveTo 00960 MOVE.L A3,-(SP) ;Draw string 00970 TBX DrawString 00980 MOVE #charCount-1,D1 ;Count-1 00990 MOVE.L A3,A0 ;Point to string 01000 ADDQ #1,A0 ;Bump past length byte 01010 .1 ADD.B #1,(A0)+ ;Increment each byte 01020 DBRA D1,.1 ;Loop until done 01030 ADD #1,D5 ;Bump current line no. 01040 ADD D4,D3 ;Bump line position 01050 CMP D6,D3 ;Past end of page? 01060 BLE Ploop ;No, loop until done. 01070 UNLK A6 ;Reclaim stack space 01080 UNLK A6 ;(for two LINKs) 01090 MOVEM.L (SP)+,D3-D6/A3-A4 ;Restore registers 01100 RTS 01110 *-------------------------------- 01120 EventLoop NOP ;MAIN PROGRAM 01130 Init MOVE.L #iPrintSize,D0 ;Allocate print record 01140 OST NewHandle 01150 MOVE.L A0,hPrintRec(A5) ;Save handle in hPrintRec 01160 MOVE.L A0,-(SP) ;Push it 01170 BSR PrintDefault ;Call PrintDefault 01180 *-------------------------------- 01190 Style SUBQ #2,SP ;Space for function result 01200 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec 01210 BSR PrStlDialog ;Call PrStlDialog 01220 MOVE.B (SP)+,D0 ;Pop result 01230 *-------------------------------- 01240 Job SUBQ #2,SP ;Space for function result 01250 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec 01260 BSR PrJobDialog ;Call PrJobDialog 01270 MOVE.B (SP)+,D0 ;Pop result 01280 BEQ PrintDone ;Exit to Finder if cancel 01290 *-------------------------------- 01300 Spool SUBQ #4,SP ;Space for result 01310 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;Push hPrintRec 01320 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pPrPort 01330 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pIOBuf 01340 BSR PrOpenDoc ;Call PrOpenDoc 01350 MOVE.L (SP)+,A4 ;Get pPrPort in A4 01360 *-------------------------------- 01370 ;Start of page 01380 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort 01390 CLR.L -(SP) ;NIL pPageFrame 01400 BSR PrOpenPage ;Call PrOpenPage 01410 *-------------------------------- 01420 ;Draw page here 01430 BSR MyDrawPage 01440 *-------------------------------- 01450 ;End of page 01460 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort 01470 BSR PrClosePage ;Call PrClosePage 01480 *-------------------------------- 01490 ;End of document 01500 MOVE.L A4,-(SP) ;Push pPrPort 01510 BSR PrCloseDoc ;Call PrCloseDoc 01520 *-------------------------------- 01530 Print MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),-(SP) ;hPrintRec 01540 CLR.L -(SP) ;pPrPort 01550 CLR.L -(SP) ;pIOBuf 01560 CLR.L -(SP) ;pDevBuf 01570 PEA prStatus(A5) ;prStatus 01580 BSR PrPicFile ;Call PrPicFile 01590 MOVE.L hPrintRec(A5),A0 ;Get printRec handle 01600 OST DisposHandle ;Dispose it 01610 BRA EventLoop ;Go start over 01620 PrintDone BSR PrClose ;Done. Close print manager 01630 RTS ;then exit to Finder 01640 *-------------------------------- 01650 ;Data constants 01660 tRect DATA /0 ;top 01670 DATA /0 ;left 01680 DATA /5*72 ;bottom 01690 DATA /5*72 ;right 01700 *-------------------------------- 01710 INCLUDE "Print.Asm" 01720 *-------------------------------- 01730 ENDR 01750 SEG 0,32,VAR.LEN,$20 01770 SEG0 01780 SEG_1 JP Start,1 01790 END_1 01800 END0 01810 ENDR 01830 END
MacAsm to MDS Syntax MDS users may find the non-standard syntax of the Mac Asm source code a bit confusing. Here is a short table of some of the differences found in the code in this article. ADJST: Adjust boundary (.ALIGN) ASC: String definition (DC) DATA: Data definition (DC) DEFS: Define Storage (DCB) ENDM: End macro def. (|, .ENDM) ENDR: End resource def. RSRC: Start resource def. GLOBAL: Storage (A5) as in (DS) TBX: Trap Macro ( _Open) OST: OS Macro (_Open) STR: String with length (DC)
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