Armed conflict between Russia and Japan in 1904 and 1905. The war erupted because Russian expansion in eastern Asia conflicted with Japanese plans for gaining a foothold on the Asian mainland. It began with a Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur on February 8, 1904. The Battle of Tsushima Strait, between Korea and Japan, a landmark battle that established Japan as a world power. During the battle, which lasted from May 27 to May 29, the Japanese nearly destroyed the Baltic Fleet and inflicted heavy casualties on the Russians. After the battles of Shenyang and Tsushima, both sides agreed to negotiate. On September 5, 1905, the Treaty of Portsmouth was signed. Russia surrendered its lease to Liaoyang and Port Arthur, ceded the southern half of Sakhalin, evacuated Manchuria, and recognized Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence.
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