home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
- = P/HUN Issue #3, Volume 2: Phile #9 of 11 =
- =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
-
- An introduction to BITNET
- -------------------------
-
- By Aristotle
- Jan 17, 1989
-
-
- About BITNET:
-
- Because It's Time NET (BITNET) is the largest of the
- acedemic computer networks and one of the largest mainframe
- networks. BITNET connects hundreds of thousands of students
- and professors in Asia, Europe, Middle East, and North
- America. In 1988, BITNET had nearly 2000 computer systems at
- higher institutions connected to it. BITNET may not allow
- you to log onto mainframes, BUT it IS an invaluable source of
- information. While on BITNET, you can access certain
- services such as chat relays, file servers, electronic mail
- service, and info servers. (See below for more info)
-
-
- A little semi-technical info:
- The mainframes on BITNET are connected via constantly
- operating telephone lines or satellite links. Unlike
- packet-switching networks (ie. Telenet), BITNET is a store
- and forward network. That means that if you send a message
- from Florida to Kentucky, the computers in the network
- between Florida and Kentucky will store and forward it from
- each computer to computer until it reaches Kentucky.
-
-
- In BITNET there's only one path from Kentucky to
- Florida. Each computer is called a NODE. Below is an
- illustration of how a small section of the network would look
- like.
-
-
-
- A----B----C
- | | |
- D----E----F----G
- | | |
- H I----J ---K
-
-
- Example A.
- A message traveling from A to H would travel the following
- path:
- A-D-H
-
- Example B.
- A message traveling from A to F could travel one of two ways.
- These are:
- A-B-C-F or A-D-E-F
-
- Sometimes when a node is down, the message may be
- delayed or routed through different nodes as in example B.
-
-
- The time to transfer messages can vary from just a few
- seconds to an hour. This cause for this is usually one (or
- both) of two reasons. The first factor is the size of the
- message. Larger amounts of data take longer times to
- transmit. The second factor is the status of the network.
- As we all know, computers are prone to breaking down.
- Messages that cannot be routed past the downed node are
- stored in the net until there is a clear path to it's
- destination.
-
-
- Addresses:
-
- Each of the mainframes(NODE) on BITNET has it's own
- individual address. The addresses are usually an
- abbreviation of the name of the institution that supports the
- mainframe. One example is the University of Massachusettes
- "UMASS".
-
-
- The indiviuals that have access to BITNET also have
- their own addresses. These addresses are assigned to the
- user when he/she first sends information over BITNET. The
- entire address for a user is set up as follows:
-
-
-
- University of Kentucky Prime--+
- |
- @ (AT)----------------------+ |
- | |
- User ID-------------------+ | |
- | | |
- | | |
- | | |
- | | |
- | | |
- $108@UKPR
-
- Note: Not all addresses give indication of the type of
- system.
- Also: On some machines, the BITNET ID will be different
- from the system ID. Ex. CS.DEPT.SMITH.J@UKPR is also
- $108@UKPR.
-
-
-
- Access:
-
- It is IMPOSSIBLE to access BITNET unless you can gain
- access to one of the nodes. That means, there are NO
- dial-ups that do not go through a mainframe. BITNET is
- supported by the institutions that have access to it and it
- is your right as a student to have access. It is NOT your
- right to access the mainframe though. A good way to gain
- access to BITNET is to go to your local university and ask or
- engineer an account for the use of BITNET.
-
-
-
- Uses:
-
- There are three basic methods of communicating via
- BITNET: mail, message, and file. Each method has it's own
- advantages and disadvantages.
-
-
- The interactive message (Let's just call it a message)
- is the fastest and most convenient method of transitting
- short amounts of information over BITNET. Messages are
- composed of one line of information that is sent VERY quickly
- to it's destination. You would use the message when chatting
- with someone at a different node. The bad part about
- messages is that if a node is down, your message is lost.
- You WILL recieve an error message though.
-
- Messages are usually sent via the TELL and SEND
- commands. Below are examples of the syntax for sending a
- message on the VM/CMS and Prime systems:
-
-
- TELL userid@node message
-
- or
-
- TELL 151133@DOLUNI1 Hey Terra, How are the guys at CCC
- doing?
-
-
- Mail:
-
- Electronic mail is the most versatile method of
- communication on BITNET. Unlike the message, a letter will
- be stored if a node is down. A letter can be from one word
- of text to however long you want it. It has been suggested
- to me to NOT transmit any mail over 3000 lines long (hmmm,
- maybe we should explore that one.) The actual file that is
- transmitted is really nothing more than a formatted text file
- with a header. When you send mail from you system, You will
- be prompted to input a subject so the header can include the
- sending address, recieving address, date, and subject. A
- piece of mail would look like this:
-
-
- Date: Fri, 13 Jan 89 18:26:12 EDT
- From: Terra <151133@DOLUNI1>
- Subject: Greetings
- To: $108@UKPR
- +
- =============================================================
- + Hello Aristotle
- |
- | Regarding the information that I have been recieving
- | directed to a member of the
- | Chaos Computer Club.......
-
- rest of text
-
-
-
-
-
- Files:
-
- The file is the best way to send large amounts of
- information over BITNET. As with mail, files are stored
- until you read them or in the case of node being down, until
- they are back up. Any type of file can be sent via a file.
- They can be either text or binary. On a VM/CMS system, one
- would use the SHIP command to send a file over BITNET. Below
- is an example:
-
-
- SHIP filename filetype userid@node
-
- or
-
- SHIP phun3 txt $108@UKPR
-
- I suggest that you check your online help for information on
- sending info over BITNET.
-
- Now for the phun part....
-
- FILE SERVERS, CHAT RELAYS, AND SERVICES:
-
- Servers are machines set up as automated databases for
- the distribution of various information. Servers respond to
- commands via mail or message. Not all use accept this type
- of communication. It all depends on the type of software the
- server is running. One would send a message to a server in
- the following syntax:
-
-
- TELL userid@node command
-
- or
-
- Tell listserve@bitnic help
-
- File servers are like servers but they are set up as
- databases that transmit files. They are kinda like BBS's.
- The best way to get started with a file server is to send it
- the help command.
-
-
- A good place to start is the Listserv@Bitnic system. It
- will send you all the information you will need to get
- started.
-
- Name servers have two functions. The first is to locate a
- person's address on BITNET and the second is to help you find
- people on BITNET with similar interests. (Hmmm, a hacker
- directory?)
-
- I suggest starting with the name server at Drew University.
-
- To find a particular person, just send the following to
- Drew:
-
- TELL NAMESERV@DREW SEARCH/NAME john doe
-
- If the person you are looking for is not registered, you will
- recieve a message informing you of that.
-
- To register yourself, send the following to Drew:
-
- TELL NAMESERV@DREW REGISTER first last interests
-
- or
-
- TELL NAMESERV@DREW REGISTER John Doe LMOS hacking
-
-
- A chat relay is set up to allow many users to chat with
- each other without having everyone sending messages to each
- other individually. When on a relay, the people on your
- channel (be it public or private) will all see the messages
- that you send to them. This is GREAT for phreaker
- conferences (Though it is NOT secure due to system operators)
- and just chatting with your friends over LONG distances.
- Geee and it is all legal too! To find out more about relays,
- just send the following:
-
-
- TELL RELAY@UTCVM help
-
- If your local relay is not UTCVM, you will receive a message
- tell you that and also your correct relay.
-
-
-
- Well, that's it for this file. If you have any questions
- about BITNET, you can contact me at the following boards:
-
-
- Hacker's Den 718-358-9209
- The Outlet Private 313-261-6141 Newuser/Kenwood
-
-