The Hacker's Encyclopedia 1998

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SUBSCRIBE TO THE FAMOUS HARDCOPY NEWSLETTER 2600. 2600 IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY.IT IS CURRENTLY 8 PAGES IN LENGTH.EACH ISSUE CONTAINS TIMELY NEWS AND INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXCITING WORLD OF TELEPHONES AND COMPUTERS.MOST OF THIS INFORMATION IS VERY DIFFICULT TO FIND ANYWHERE ELSE. 2600 IS A DEFINATE MUST FOR THOSE PHREAKS AND HACKERS WHO HAVE LIMITED ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS AROUND THE COUNTRY.IT IS A GOOD WAT TO STAY IN CONTACT WITH THE PHREAKING AND HACKING SCENE AND ALSO TO COLLECT INFO THAT WOULD BE USEFUL IN THE PERSUIT OF YOUR FAVORATE HIGH TECHNOLOGY HOBBIES. 2600 IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT ASSET TO THOSE INVOLVED WITH THE OTHER SIDE OF COMPUTERS AND PHONE SECURITY-THE SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS OR EXPERTS.ALL OF OUR ARTICLES ARE WRITTEN FROM THEIR PERSPECTIVE OF COMPUTER HACKERS AND PHONE PHREAKS,THE TRUE TECHNOLOGY LOVERS. YOU WONT SEE THIS SIDE REPRESENTED IN MANY OTHER PLACES EITHER.WE INVITE OUR READERS TO CONTRIBUTE BY SENDING ARTICLES,LETTERS,NEWS,AND DATA THAT MAY BE USEFULL TO OTHERS. WE HOPE THAT YOU TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS CHANCE TO SEE TECHNOLOGY IN A DIFFERENT AND THRILLING WAY. A SAMPLE ISSUE OF 2600 IS ONLY $1. RATES ARE $12 ANNUALLY FOR INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS,$30 ANNUALLY FOR BUSSINESS OR INSTITUTIONS,AND $20 OVERSEAS. ALL BACK ISSUES ARE AVAILABLE FOR $2 EACH.EVERY MONTH IS AVALIABLE FROM JAN 84 (OUR FIRST ISSUE TO PRESENT).WRITE TO 2600 BX 752-B MIDDLE ISLAND N.Y.11953-0752 516-751-2600 PLEASE INDICATE IF YOU DO WANT TO WRITE FOR 2600,AND ASK FOR OUR AD RATES. KEY MILESTONES OF TELEPHONE INDUSTRY EVOLUTION 1790 Optical telegraph system established in France 1819 Electricity/magnetism relation discovered Magnetic needle telegraph operated 1845 Telegraph link Washington DC/Baltimore 1858 Submarine telegraph---Ireleand/Newfoundland 1876 U.S. Pat. No. 174456 to A.G. Bell for telephone 1877 First bBell telco formed 1878 3,000 phones in service First telephone directory published--New Haven, CT. First switchboard---New Haven, CT. 1880 Emma N. Nut--1st AT&T woman employee 1882 First underground cable 1885 Bell wins Elisha Gray patent suit AT&T formed 1889 U.S. Pat. No. 447918 to Almon B. Strowger for automatic telephone switchboard First public paystation--Hartford, CT. 1892 First automatic switchboard--La Porte, IN 1895 Telephone traffic study published 1896 First telephone dial--Milwaukee, WS 1900 855,900 phones in service 1905 First unattended automatic telephone office 2,241,000 phones in service 1907 First Public Utility Commission authority for telephone Wisconsin 1913 Kingsbury Commitment--Bell agrees to connect with Independents and no more acquisitions One piece telephone handsets (Independents only) 1915 First transcontinental call NYC (Bell) to San Francisco (Watson) 1918 First carrier system--several voice channels over one pair wires Bell purchases 1st automatic switchboard--Norfolk, VA 1920 First automatic toll board 1924 15 million phones in service 1925 Bell Labs formed 1926 First radio telegraph Colored telephones (Independents) 1930 Data transmitted 600 bits per second on phone lines 1934 U.S. Federal Communications Act--FCC established Bell offers one piece handset 1940 Coaxial cable (increases voice channels) 1947 Transistor demonstrated by Bell Labs 1948 First national automatic toll billing system First No. 5 crossbar--Media, PA 1949 U.S. Federal REA amended to include rural telephone systems financing 1953 50 million phones in service 1955 Bell offers colored phones 1956 WE consent decree settlkes Justice antitrust suit--Bell limited to furnishing common carrier communications U.S. Appeals Court rules subscribers may purchase and connect Hush-A-Phone to telco lines First transatlantic telephone cable First radio microwave telephone service 1958 Data Phone service introduces(Hi-speed over telephone lines) Data transmitted 1200 bits per second 1960 First electronic switching system field trial-Morris,IL First satellite telephone calls-ECHO 1962 Telstar satellite launched 1963 Touch Tone dialing offered 1964 All digit numbering permitted by FCC 1965 FCC challenges and investigates AT&T interstate rates and earnings Early Bird satellite launched(1st communications satellite) Satellite service USA-Europe 1966 Data transmited 4800 bits per second 1968 Private ownership of subscriber terminals permitted by FCC 1971 FCC approved specialized common carriers 1972 First commercial electronic switching systems(analog) 1974 AT&T established Belll System Purchased Products Div.-- Market opened to general trade suppliers 1975 Data transmitted at 56,000 bits per second 1976 First commercial digital electronic switching system 1977 First optical fiber transmission link in commercial service(GTE-CA) FCC Docket 19528 decision--interconnect without \ couplers--registration 1978 Common Channel Intertoll Signaling in service 1979 FCC Docket 20828(Computer II)decision announced-- deregulate all terminals U.S. Court awards $1.8 billioin damage suit to MCI for AT&T antitrust actions 1980 ACTS(Auto Coin Telephone System) Telcos reorganize to meet unregulated competition 175 million phones--USA: 450 million phones--worldwide 1981 Japanese telcom market opens to international competition 1982 Verdict in U.S. antitrust suit against AT&T 1983 Deregulation of all terminal equipment deadline 198? U.S. Federal Communications Act 1934 rewrite passed Appeal verdict MCI/AT&T antitrust judgment 1989 Transatlantic fiber optics transmission link in operation 199? Telephony is part of the information age eral Communications Act This article is from the January issue of MCI World, a monthly newsletter published by MCI for it's employees. CRACKING DOWN ON ABUSE The nationwide attack on telephone fraud got a boost recently when the U.S. Secret Service joined the effort to curb the crime that costs the industry millions in lost revenue annually. The Secret Service used new jurisdiction over the telephone fraud for the first time to arrest five individuals in raids on four illegal "Call-Sell" operations in New York City last November. The five suspects are awaiting trial in federal court on charges based on a Secret Service investigation conducted in cooperation with MCI and other members of the long distance telephone industry. The defendants were charged with violation of a law on Fraud In Connection With Access Devices which carries maximum penalties of 15 years imprisonment and a fine of $50,000, or twice the value of the fraudulent activity. Several other investigations are under way and future arrests are expected, according to a Secret Service spokesman. MCI cooperated in the investigation as a company and through membership in the Coomunications Fraud Control Association (CFCA), made up of some 35 telephone industry firms. "Because it's an industrywide problem, we have organized to crack down on all kinds of fraud, from the isolated 'hacker' to more organized schemes to use long distance lines illegally," said Everick Bowens, senior manager of MCI security investigations and president of CFCA. The Secret Service said that in the New York cases, the defendants operated Call-Sell businesses out of their homes and charged "customers" a flat fee for making long distance calls. They used "Blue Boxes" and stolen or compromised authorization codes or credit card numbers to use the long-distance networks of several companies. Blue Boxes are electronic tone-generatine devices used to bypass billing systems and gain access to company networks. They can be assembled from generally available electronic parts or they can be purchased ready-made through illegal sources. In the New York raids, agents seized unauthorized code and credit card numbers, four Blue Boxes and more than 20 telephones. It is estimated that in 1984, fraud in the telecommunications industry totaled $500 million nationwide, and approximately $70 million in the New York City area. CFCA members are primarily interexchange carriers, such as MCI, but resale carriers and some Bell operating companies are also members, along with representatives of computer services and credit card companies. Bowens says CFCA is intensifying efforts to stop the spread of fraud. Among other things, CFCA is developing educational packages for carriers and the public to promote widespread understanding of telephone fraud and ways to counter the crime. "Our aim is jointly to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute any fraudulent use of our long-distance networks," Bowens said. Authorization codes are obtained by theft from individuals and by "hackers" who randomly try combinations of numbers by telephone or through computer scanning of number combinations until a working code is "hit." Illegally obtained codes are fraudulently used by "boiler room" telemarketing operations, for example, or are passed along for use by individuals. MCI had developed software to detect illegal entry into its network and it is expected that the spread of dial 1 service, in which authorization codes are not used, will help reduce the incidence of telephone fraud. ----------------END------------------ You reckon they mean us??????????????? What's wrong with them, can't they take a a joke??????????? of dial 1 service, in which authorization codes are not used, will help reduce the incidence of telephone fraud. ----------------END------------------ NOW IT SEEMS LIKE SOME OF YE KNAVES HAVE BEEN CALLIN ME USIN UN-ORTHODOX TECHNIQUES OF WHICH YE OL TELE COMP ANIES TOTALLY FROWN UPON.HEE-HEE ALSO,FROM TIME TO TIME,I GET CALLS FROM TELE PERSONELL ASKIN BOUT WHO CALLED ON A PARTICULAR TIME & DATE. SEEMS LIKE I ALLWAYS FERGET & DONT KNOW ANSWERS TO THOSE QUESTIONS,BUT I DO HAVE PHUN ANTAGONIZING THOSE FOOLISH ENOUGH TO ASK STUPID QUESTIONS. ONE IN PARTICULAR WENT SOMETHING LIKE THIS. R-R-R-I-I-N-N-G-G HELLO THIS IS MS RICE FROM PACIFIC NORTHWEST BELL,AND IM CALLING TO FIND OUT WHO CALLED YOU FROM THE PORTLAND AREA AT 3.29 P.M. DEC 17,1985. WELL,FIRST OF ALL I DONT KNOW AND IF I DID I WOULDNT TELL YOU ANYWAY! WHAT!SAYS YE IRATE TELCO EMPLOYEE. THAT PERSON MADE AN ILLEGAL CALL AND IF YOU DONT TELL ME WHOM IT WAS ILL HAVE THE CHARGES BILLED TO YOUR #. AH-HA THINKS YE OLE BOOTLEGGER.THIS DUMMY JUST SCREWED UP BAD.SO I ASK HER FOR HER TO IDENTIFY HERSELF AND GIVE ME HER SUPERVISORS # WHICH SHE BEGRUDGINGLY DOES THINKING I MAY GIVE YE INFO SHE DESIRES TO HER SUPV SINCE SHE JUST SCARED ME.HAR-HAR NEEDLESS TO SAY YE BOOTLEGGER KNOWS HIS LEGAL RIGHTS AND IMMEDIATELY CALLS HER SUPERVISOR. R-R-R-I-I-N-N-G-G HELLO IS THIS MS RICES SUPERVISOR AT PACIFIC NORTHWEST BELL? YES IT IS. DID YOU KNOW THAT AN EMPLOYEE OF YOUR COMPANY JUST COMMITTED SEVERAL FEDERAL FELONIES? OH MY GOD SHE EXCLAIMS,PLEASE TELL ME WHAT HAPPENED. AFTER EXPLAINING THE CALL TO HER AND TELLING HER THAT MS RICE COMMITTED EXTORTION AND FRAUD THREATS ON A INTERSTATE COMMUNICATION CARRIER AND ALSO BEING AN OFFICIAL REPRESEN TATIVE OF PAC NW BELL SHE HAS ALSO LEFT HER COMPANY OPEN TO CIVIL AND CRIMINAL CHARGES FOR THREATENING TO REVERSE CHARGES IN ORDER TO EXTORT ILLEGALLY INFORMATION FROM ME,AND I AM PLANNING ON CALLING YE OLE FCC,PUC,AND FBI TO PRESS CHARGES. PLEASE SAYS YE TELCO SUPV. ILL TALK TO MS RICE AND MAKE SURE NOTHING LIKE THIS EVER HAPPENS AGAIN. O.K.SAYS I- BUT I WANT ONE THING I WANT A SIGNED LETTER OF APOLOGY FROM MS RICE ON PACIFIC NORTHWEST BELL STATIONARY. 1 DAY LATER YE BELOW LETTER ARRIVES ON PAC NW BELL STATIONARY. IN REFERENCE TO OUR CONVERSATION ON 12-18-85 REGARDING CALLS MADE TO YOUR TELEPHONE NUMBER,I APOLOGIZE IF YOU FELT INCONVENIENCED OR OFFENDED.PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CALL IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS. SINCERELY J.L.RICE SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE STRIKE THE WAR MACHINE NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG THIS YEARS TOP AWARD FOR THE WORST COMPANY IN THE COMPUTER FIELD GOES TO A NATIONWIDE DISTRIBUTOR OF HARDWARE & SOFTWARE BY THE NAME OF MICRO D 2801 S. YALE ST. SANTA ANA,CA.92704-5850 1-800-MICR-OD1 1-800-854-9440 AND LET US NOT FORGET THE VICE-PRES IN CHARGE OF SALES WHO SEEMS DETER- MINED TO LEAD MICRO-D INTO THE GUTTER WITH ALL THOSE OTHER SLEAZY RIP-OFF DEALERS,NAMELY ONE JOHN WINKELHAUS 1-714-540-4781 NOW ILL TELL YA WHY- A WHILE BACK I WAS A DEALER FOR MICRO D AND THEY ADVERTISED AN "ABATI" DAISY WHEEL PRINTER FOR $275. AMONG THE AD WAS FEATURED A 1 YR WARRANTEE. ABOUT 6 MONTHS AGO I SOLD THIS PRINTER TO THE BOOTLEGGER MAGAZINE WHICH INCLUDED THE 1 YR WARRANTEE.NEEDLESS TO SAY,IT BROKE SHORTLY THEREAFTER! NOW THINKING THAT MICRO D WOULD HONOR THEIR WARRANTEE,I CALLED THEIR CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPT ABOUT RETURNING IT FOR WARRANTEE REPAIR. LO AND BEHOLD I TWAS INFORMED THAT THEY CANT FIX IT AND TOLD ME TO TAKE IT AT MY OWN COST TO A REPAIR SHOP (OF WHICH THEY HAD NO IDEA WHOM MAY BE FAMILIAR WITH THESE LEMON PRINTERS).NATURALLY BEING QUITE IRATE AT THIS SERVICE REP, I ASKED TO TALK TO HER SUPERVISOR,WHOM INFORMED ME THAT SHE COULDNT DO ANY- THING EITHER!UP THE LADDER I WENT TO MR.VICE PRES JOHN WINKELHAUS WHOM IN HIS INFINATE WISDOM DECLARED THAT I COULD SEND IT BACK TO JAPAN,BUT THEY MAY NOT HONOR THEIR OWN WARRANTEE! WOW!!! SAID I YOU MEAN TO TELL ME THAT YOU SELL PRODUCTS WITH WARRANTEES WHICH CANNOT BE REPAIRED OR THEIR WARRAN TEE HONORED BY YOUR COMPANY? SEEMS LIKE MR WINKLEHAUS TWAS TOTALLY DROVE UP BY MY ASKING HIM TO HONOR HIS COMPANIES OWN WARRANTEE!!! YES-I NOW HAVE AN ELECTONIC TECH FIXIN THAT PRINTER(HOPEFULLY) AND AT MY OWN EXPENSE. NOW-IF YE EVER HAVE TO BUY SOMETHING AT ANY COMPUTER STORE,MAY I SUGGEST YOU FIRST ASK THEM IF THEIR DISTRIBUTOR IS MICRO D. YOU MAY HAVE SIMILAIR PROBLEMS WITH PRODUCTS COMM ING FROM THIS LARGE NATIONWIDE DISTRIB UTOR AND THE COMPUTER DEALERS CARRYING THEIR MERCHANDISE.(ESPECIALLY WITH THE ATTITUDE OF EXECUTIVES AT MICRO D SUCH AS MR. WINKELHAUS. NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG P.S. YOU'LL NOTICE YE TOLL FREE NUMBERS TO THIS RIP-OFF COMPANY TIS LISTED ABOVE! HAVE PHUN AND REQUEST THEIR CATALOG & PRICE SHEETS SO YOULL KNOW WHAT PRODUCTS TO AVOID.ALSO TOLL FREE NUMBERS COST THEIR OWNER SO-O-O MUCH MONEY WHEN YER COMPUTER TIS SET ON AUTO-DIAL REPEAT CALLING FOR A FEW MONTHS! HAR-HAR-HAR IF YA WONDER WHY I DONT LIST BOARDS OF THE MONTH LATELY,ITS CAUSE ALL THE BEST ONES ARE INVITATION ONLY NOW. SEEMS LIKE A LOT OF GOOD BOARDS GOT RAIDED LAST YEAR,SO YE REASONING FOR PRIVACY.MOST OF MY PREDICTIONS HAVE MATERALIZED SINCE LAST YEAR AND IM LOOKING FOWARD TO CONGRESS PASSING COMPUTER PRIVACY LAWS THIS YEAR. LOOKS LIKE HBO HAD SOME PROBLEMS SINCE IT STARTED SCRAMBLING. SEEMS LIKE AN IRATE HAM HAS BEEN SCRAMBLING SOME OF HBO'S PROGRAMS VIA SATELITE UPLINKING.THOUGH YE FED ARE RUNNIN RAGGED LOOKIN FOR HIM,HE SAYS ILL STOP SCRAMBLIN HBO WHEN THEY STOP!!1 LOTS OF HEAT IN YE FLORIDA AREA LATELY.COPS MAKIN ILLEGAL RAIDS, SEARCHES,TAPS,ETC. TRYIN TO CONVINCE PEOPLE TO USE THEIR COMPUTERS LEGALLY. ALSO-SEEMS LIKE BLUE BOX PROGRAMS ARE BEING CALLED BURGLAR TOOLS IN SOME AREAS SO YE OLE COPS HAVE A REASON TO BUST PEOPLE.WAIT TILL THAT ONE HITS YE HIGHER COURTS. 1986 WILL SEE YE COMPUTER INDUSTRY AGAIN DROPPIN PRICES AND BETTER HARDWARE FOR LESS.SEEMS LIKE CORPOR ATE AMERICA HAS JUST NOW PRAISED 86 AS THE YEAR OF TELECOMMUNICATION DATA LINKS AS THE NEWEST FAD FOR ALL THOSE YUPPIES WITH COMPUTERS. SEEMS LIKE WE'VE BEEN DOIN THE SAME THING FOR YEARS NOW. NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG For those new to computing, here is a list of the more commonly misunderstood terminology. ACCESS TIME--The time between the instant at which information is called for and the instant at which management expects the final report. ASSUMED DECIMAL POINT--Located two positions to the right of a programmers current salary, estimating his own worth. BLOCK DIAGRAM--Schematic gibberish. BIT--the increment by which programmers slowly go mad. BRANCH INSTRUCTION--Advice from a district office. CHAINING--A method of attaching programmers to desks to speed up output. CHECKPOINT--The location from a programmer draws his salary. COMMON LANGUAGE--The first thing a programmer must forget to be successful. COMPLEMENT--An antique, outdated form of speech once used to express appreciation. CONSTANT--A type of pressure. CONSTANT AREA--The stomach. CORE STORAGE--A receptacle for the center section of apples. COUNTER--A device over which Old Fashions are served. DEBUGGING--Removing the needles from the haystack. DIGIT EMMITTER--Sandals. ERROR--What someone else made when they disagreed with your computer output. EXTERNAL STORAGE--Wastebasket. FIXED LENGTH WORD--Four letter words used by progammers in a state of confusion. FLOATING CONTROL--A characteristic exhibited when you have to go to the rest room but can't leave the computer. FLOATING POINT--The absolute limit before Floating Control is lost. FLOW CHART--A graphic representation os the fastest route to the coffee machine. FORTRAN--Fortunately Our Readers Take Refreshers At Nightschool. GARBAGE--Highly aromatic computer output. HIGH SPEED PRINTER--Wife writing checks. HOUSEKEEPING--Letting the next person clean up your mess in the computer room. INDEX REGISTER--Constant source of irritation. INPUT--Food, whiskey, beer, excedrin. INTERNAL SORT--The stomach, liver and kidneys keep changing positions. KEY PUNCH OPERATOR--The best informed source of information regarding the weakesses of the system, New large scale compute and night clubs to hang out at. LIBRARY--An organized collection of obsolete material. LOGICAL OPERATION--Getting out of Data Processing to marry a rich widow. LOW ORDER POSITION--The programmers position in the chain of command. MACRO--The last half of an expression: for example "Holy Macro". MATHEMATICAL MODEL--46-26-38 MATHEMATICAL CHECK--The renumeration received by a mathematical model. MEMORY DUMP--Amnesia. MICROSECOND--The amount of time required for a program to hang up. NUMERIC--46-26-38. OFF LINE--Failure to pass a soberity test. ON LINE--Full, but not drunk. OVERFLOW--The result of being too much "Off Line". PARAMETER--The absolute limit beyond which the secretary yells for help. PROGRAMMER--Red eyed, mumbling mammal capable of conversing with inanimate monsters. OPTICAL SCANNER--Male visitor in the keypunch section. SPECIAL CHARACTER--A character which is out of the ordinary, different, a resident of Greewich village. r help. PROGRAMMER--Red eyed, mumbling mammal capable of conversing with inanimate monsters. THIS IS A LITTLE BIT OF THE THINGS TELCO COMPPNIES ARE PRINTING ABOUT US..ILL KEEP YOU UP TO DATE REGARDING NEW INFO............ THE LONG DISTANCE LETTER NEWS AND ANALYSIS FOR THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS EXECUTIVE DECEMBER 1985 WASHINGTON D.C. VOL.3, NO. 11 PHILLIPS PUBLISHING, INC. "ACTIONABLE INFORMATION FOR THE 80'S" Dear Executive: FRAUD WASTES MILLIONS OF INDUSTRY'S DOLLARS! Fraudulent use of toll services costs the long-distance industry millions of dollars each year. And unlike access charges or even advertising costs, expenses paid out as a result of unauthorized, illegal toll usage can never be rationalized as a true cost of or a potential benefit for the business. The problem of toll fraud diminishes the bottom line of every long-distance company, whether the company is AT&T or a regional reseller of service. Fraud costs the alternate long-distance industry alone $10 million per month, estimated Teltec Saving President Robert Hurwitz, speaking at a Competitive Telecommunications Association meeting. THE TYPES OF FRAUD The varieties of fraud, although many, are not indefinite. Yet industry members readily agree that for every type of fraud that is either diminished or eradicated, another pops up. James S. Minogue, a general attorney with Satellite Business Systems, listed several varieties of fraud: * BLUE BOXING occurs when people use tone generators, devices that generate tones to bypass telephony billing systems (usually from a payphone), to enter the network without being billed for the calls. *HACKERS--perhaps the most infamous group--use computers to identify authorization codes. Hackers fall into 2 categories--true crooks, and those who indulge in breaking codes for ego gratification ("phone freaks"). The latter group uses the authorization codes. But these computer whizzes also set up computer bulletin boards in which illegally obtained long distance numbers or authorization codes are posted so others may use them. A variation of hacker's fraud is "prison fraud", said Minogue. Prisoners have access to touch tone phones and simply sit by the phone and punch numbers. "Sooner or later, they hit upon the right numbers," Minogue said. Prisoners have also been known to illegally obtain authorization codes, and by punching the pound key, hand the phone from inmate to inmate for their different calls, a practice that once kept an access line of Execulines of Florida, Inc. busy for more than 12 hours, Peter Sawn, marketing manager for the Orlando-based company, told us. That experience also included MCI, as the number used was an MCI travel card. The prison was in Tennessee, but because of the switching equipment used at the time, the calls were made via incoming lines from Orlando, confounding both companies initially as to where the calls were from. The Prison warden wouldn't agree to replace the Touch-Tone phones with rotary dials, as Execulines suggested. with the crooks already in prison, not much more could be done. An outgrowth of hacker fraud is the set-up of telemarketing groups based on the ill-gotten distribution codes. "The primary expense in these boiler room or telemarketing operations is the telephone expense," noted Jim Yarborough, vice president of corporate development for Advanced telecommunications Corp., parent company of Transcall America and Direct Line, long-distance companies serving the Southeast and Western United States, respectively. A number of these cases where telemarketing groups are fraudulently using long-distance services are run by businessmen, and the chances of these businessmen not knowing that what they are doing is illegal are slim to none. "Any businessman who's using a service and not paying for it knows it's illegal. Th only free cheese is in a mousetrap," said Yarbrough. Some crooks barter with the stolen numbers. One such entrepre- neurial sort talked a jewelry store into giving him discounts on the merchandise. In return, he would take care of the store's long-distance service, Chris Davis, an attorney with the Washington D.C.-based law firm Surrey & Morse, told us. The jewelry store was delighted with the arrangement until the long-distance company whose service was used, came calling for bill payment. The hacker who provided the number was long gone, along with his discounted jewelry. Ironically, long-distance companies themselves have contributed to the problem. "Part of the problem is that the industry has been doing it to itself, through the drive for market share. In their desire to sign up customers, checks are not made on the names and addresses of people signing up for the service," noted Davis. And as with credit cards, people sign for the service with the express intent of defrauding the company. Other groups that contribute greatly to fraud are schools, college campuses and military bases. HOW CAN FRAUD BE THWARTED? Sometimes, it takes a thief to catch a thief. Execulines' Peter Sawn suggests that several companies sponser an electronic bulletin board anonymously, to obtain the codes passed around. Sawn warns that if a bulletin board is set up, the system must not contain a lot of other data, because a hacker can zap it quite easily out of existence. TelTec Saving had some success with posting a $10,000.00 reward for information leading to conviction of abusers on computer bulletin boards. In the bulletin board message, TelTec also informed possible abusers that the company had automatic number identification (ANI) capability--to trace calls to the abusers. Just telling them of ANI, even if you don't have it, may work for a while. TelTec Saving had experienced abuse costing up to $250,000.00 a month, but with a stringent plan reduced losses to $30,000-$70,000 per month (TLDL, March, p. 3). Software can also thwart fraud--at least for a while. American Telemangement Corp. markets a software product that detects hackers trying to steal authorization codes, President William O'Reilly told us. O'Reilly founded Lexitel Corp. and was one of the founders of the Association of Long-Distance Telephone Companies (ALTEL), now the Competitive Telecommunications Association. The Network Security Monitor software has been available on a limited basis for about 90 days. Carriers using the program are Satellite Business Systems, TelTec Saving, Communications Co. and Microtel Inc. Cost of the software is based on the size of the company and the extent of the problem. O'Reilly admits the product won't stop fraud, but says it will keep losses down to a minimum. Although no industry wide statistics have been gathered, O'Reilly estimates that companies lose 1/2 of 1% of revenue per month, on the low side, to 3% per month on the high side. (American Telemanagement Corp., 26899 N.W. Highway, Suite 420, Southfield, MI. 48034, 313/358-1414.) Software is indeed seen as a major solution to the problem-but after the fact. MCI spokesman Gary Tobin says that with software the company developed, MCI can detect and then stop incidences of fraud on a real-time basis. "Fraud is now down to less that 3/10 of 1% per month with the new software; before fraud was much higher, although still "single-digit," Tobin said. For all its attendent maladies, the equal access conversion effort may help to reduce fraud. Since authorization codes won't be used as much, with networks accessed from phones, rather than just through code numbers, Tobin says that fraud will continue to be diminished. While many industry members acknowledge that equal access helps in fighting fraud, that will be true only for those companies entered in the presubscription process, such as larger companies, both facilities-based carriers and resellers. Regional carriers that in many cases do not join the equal access process will still make use of the authorization codes, and of course, travel cards, calling codes and any type of service that uses access codes will remain at a high level of risk. DETERRENTS TO FRAUD: PROSECUTION, THE PRESS AND PUBLIC AWARENESS While many long-distance companies expressed a reluctance to discuss the problem, fearing that mention of fraud in a trade periodical would incite further instances, Advanced Telecommunications' Jim Yarbrough noted that when the company prosecuted, the press coverage of the prosecution as well as the prosecution acted as a deterrent. "The biggest deterrent is punishment. When we caught some teenagers commiting fraud, the publicity generated by the prosecution resulted in bulletin boards passing the word to 'stay away from this company--it prosecutes,'" said Yarbrough. "I don't expect fraud to stop--it can't ever be stopped totally. But as people realize there are laws on both the state and federal level--once people realize that it's not a game, that people do go to jail, the type of fraud commited by phone freaks will dry up. But the people who are selling codes and are crooks to begin with will continue to do so," predicated Yarbrough. Prosecution may include both criminal and civil action, noted SBS' James S. Minogue. "In civil actions, judges can award punitive damages also. Civil action is not as effective as criminal--law enforcement is preferable. But if enforced, civil actions may also act as deterrents. But criminal charges are a far more serious deterrent," noted Minogue. Another deterrent is public awarness. AT&T has embarked on a fraud-awareness program developed by Bell Atlantic for AT&T. The program focuses on computer and credit card fraud and is aimed at junior and senior high school students, college students and military personnel. Four videotapes have been filmed, each one geared to a specific group. The tapes will be shown to schools, colleges and military bases as cornerstones of sessions dealing with fraud in a pilot program in New Jersey. The tapes are based on an actual case of fraud showing a junior high school student selling a software progam for $5 to a friend, saying that with the program he can contact bulletin boards across the country without being charged for the calls. The kid buys the program, goes to town with it and wham, is caught by telephone company investigators. The kid is hauled to juvenile court, found guilty and required to pay for the long-distance calls anbd is sentenced to community work. After showing the tape, a security representative discusses what constitues an illegal call and the penealties for making them. Literature about telephone fraud is also distributed. "The program shows that AT&T is determined not only to investigate and prosecute fraud cases, but also to educate potential abusers about the possible consequences of their actions," said Charles Schnitzelein, general security manager for AT&T Communications Security representatives of Bell Atlantic, acting as agents for AT&T, are approaching schools, colleges, school boards, parent-teacher associations and military bases to schedule the sessions. AT&T is also working with other BOCs that are investigating fraud cases, so AT&T can extend the program nationwide. AT&T declines to say how much money the company lost to fraud last year, but before divestiture, the total Bell System, AT&T and the Bell operating companies lost $150 million annually as a result of all types of fraud, calling card, coin, third-party billing, etc., Neal Norman, AT&T-C district manager of corporate security, told us. AT&T has had problems with fraud not only domestically but internationally as well. In March 1984, AT&T-C was permitted by the FCC to restrict international card usage from those countries or international area codes where the company experienced a high incidence of fraud. Software has also enabled AT&T to diminish fraud, but the end is not yet in sight. Norman concurs that reducing dependency on codes would help the industry with fraud, but notes that fraudulent users will always find a way. Making the customers aware of the Truth in Lending Act, under which cardholders are liable for the first $50 on fraudulent phone bills--as long as there is no intention to defraud the companyu--is another way to increase public security consciousness. Customers must be made aware that fraud is a problem, so they will exercise more control over their codes and numbers, and BOCs must join the effort to reduce fraud, said Norman, "BOCs must participate too. They have problems of their own, although slightly different in nature," noted Norman. FRAUD FIGHTERS GROUP FORMED Fraud fighters now have an association to aid their efforts. The Communications Frauds Control Association, a nonprofit group incorporated in May, works to increase cooperation within as well as beyond the industry to promote fraud control, President Everick Bowens told us. Specificially, the association was formed to: *Establish and maintain closer communications regarding security matters. *Promote the mutual interests of telecommunications carriers to the extent of protection and efficiency of security operations. *Provide a forum where information can be collected, classified and then distributed to members for security purposes. The association resulted from meetings hosted by Network 1 in Florida last winter. Members include local telephone companies as well as long-distance providers--both resale and facilities-based carriers. Companies that provide computer services are also members. The association is working to collect statistics on the extent of fraud experienced by the industry, and even within the association, the company representatives are loathe to reveal losses due to fraud, Bowens said. To protect themselves from fraud, OCCs must build a better mousetrap, and first realize just how "un" secure their operations are, said Bowens. "We have to produce better, safer, more secure products. The hardware and software for seitches must be more security-conscious," said Bowens. Sharing information is a necesity. "The population of fraudulent users although great, is pretty static. One may abuse AT&T for a while and then go on to an OCC. Information on abusers must be shared," said Bowens. Local exchange companies and long-distance companies must cooperte more fully. "Both segments must be allowed to communicate their needs to arrive at solutions. We must identify and isolate given fraudulent situations. The interexchange carrier has some information; the exchange carrier has some--they must work jointly with law enforcement," said Bowens. "All long-distance companies should also keep in mind that fraud control is a serious project in terms of dollars and in terms of how secure the national telecommunications security systems really are. It behooves anyone in the industryu to band together to ensure tha security. The ultimate victims are the general public. No company will be able to exist if fraud is not taken care of," stated Bowens. (The Communications Fraud Control Association, PO Box 23891, Washington, DC 20026, 703/560-4069.) This little tidbit of info for all you Phackers, has been brought to you from the VAULTS OF THE SWISS BANKER. For an analysis of all of this please read "THE BALANCE SHEET." raud Control Association, PO Box 23891, Washington, DC 20026, WANT A 30 DAY FREE SUBSCRIPTION AND $24 CREDIT ONLINE TO A NEWS COMPUTER SERVICE? JUST CALL 800-345-1301 NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG IBM 370 MODEL 69 FEATURES AND DEVICES (Downward Compatible With IBM 360/69)* This document appeared out of thin air--we kindly thank A. Nonyous for contributing it for our edification. INPUT-OUTPUT Early Card Lace Feed Card and Jam Backspace Disk Read Card and Scramble Data Backward Space Card Reader Eat Card Rewind Card Reader Read Print and Blush Punch Disk Update In Place On Card Read Invalid Data Fruit Punch Write Invalid Data Erase Card Punch Punch Operator Read Unhappy Macnam Forms Skip and Run Away Read Chaos Stacker Upset Print and Smear Scatter Print Print and Break Chain Print and Cut Ribbon Stretch Tape Stacker Select Disk Rewind and Break Tape Slip Disk Write Wrong Record Length Change Tape Density in Mid-Record Make Tape Invalid Switch to Zero Density Change Channels Write Past End of Tape Read and Write While Ripping Tape Write New Hit Record Write Noise Record Hide and Seek Read Inter-Record Gap Update and Erase Record Eject Disk Seek Record and Scar Disk Read Count Key and Garbage Scramble Channels Write To Protected File Write Count Key and Garbage Snare Drum Garbage Count Key and Read Scatter Multiplexor Channel Burst Selector Channel Skip To Random Channel Reverse Drum Immediate Sharpen Light Pen Random Access Card I/O ARITHMETIC Accumulate Trivia Triple Pack Decimal Add Improper Subtract and Reset To Zero Add and Reset To Zero Multiply and Lose Precision Divide and Overflow Divide and Conquer Abnormalized Floating Point Sinking Floating Point Sliding Floating Point Vanishing Floating Point DATA MANIPULATION Move and Lose Record Move and Wrap Core Move Continous Gulp and Store Bytes Burp and Clear Bytes Move Devious Move and Drop Bits Memory Bank Holdup Move Bowels Circualte Memory Convert To Garbage Load and Clear Core SPECIAL AND CUSTOM FEATURES 1401 Incompatibility 407 Emulation 370 Emulation Read-In Only Storage Erase Read-In Only Storage 370 Immolation Chinese Character Set Execute Invalid Op-Code Concoct Data Pessimising Software Random Bug Generator Memory Prosthesis Uncouple CPUs and Branch (Factory Installation Only) Virtueless Memory Memory Left Shift and Branch Convert To Roman Numerals Reduce Throughput (Italian Market Only) Alfred E. von Neuman Architecture Shiftless Registers CMIL Memory Chocolate Chips Trivalent Bits LOGIC AND CONTROL Vary Immediate Illogical Or Ilogical AND Branch and Loop Continous Branch On Programmer Debugging Branch On Missing Index Lose Message and Branch Branch On Bug Develop Ineffective Address Transfer and Lose Return Bug On Branch Branch On Power Off Branch On Burned-Out Indicator Branch On Blinking Indicator Swipe "Emergency Pull" Knob Load Operator Branch on CE Ground Halt and Catch Fire Byte Operator Branch On Chip Box Full (Privileged OP) Execute Operator Branch On Phase Of Moon Branch On Donder On Blitzen Byte and Run Reinitialize Meter Ignore Supervisor Call Trap Secretary and Halt Call Supervisor Names Destroy Storage Protect Key Scramble Program Status Word Pack Program Status Word Electrocute DP Manager and Branch Inquire and Ignore Reverse Parity and Branch Branch On Operator Sleepy Branch On Operator Desperate Branch and Disconnect Memory Invert Record and Branch Evacuate Memory Generate Machine Check Generate Machine and Cash Generate Machine Check and Bounce Byte Baudy Bit and Branch Phone Home Burst Bubble Memory Random Lamp Test and Panic Operator *Upward compatible with other 370 models Crossword compatible with other 360's Awkward compatible with earlier systems Machine Check and Bounce Byte Baudy Bit and Branch Phone Home Burst Bubble Memory YEP-WEVE BEEN A LITTLE LATE WITH THIS ISSUE DUE TO MOVING. STILL HAVE THE SAME PHONE NUMBERS, BUT OUR CURRENT ADDRESS TIS- THE BOOTLEGGER/HACKER MAGAZINE 1080 HAYS CUT-OFF ROAD CAVE JUCTION,OR.97523 AVAST YE DOGS A TOTALLY NEW TYPE OF BOARD FOR YE WITH COURAGE ENOUGH TO ADVENTURE HERE LIES AWAITING THEE AT- 1-414-527-4779 TELL HIM YA SAW IT IN THE BOOTLEGGER. ALSO,WHILE PLAYIN ROUND WITH 414 PEOPLE, IT SEEMS LIKE YE OLE SYSOP OF CRYTON, THE 414 WIZARD TWAS SENTENCED RECENTLY IN FEDERAL COURT TO $2500 FINE,2 YEARS PROBATION,AND THE MONTH OF JUNE IN JAIL. NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG OK-TO ALL OF YOU FOOLISH ENOUGH TO ASK NO-NO-NO FREE SAMPLE ISSUES! BUT BACK ISSUES ARE AVAILABLE FOR $10 EACH. IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS WITH ANY DISK NOT WORKING-MAIL IT BACK WITH AN EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM. ILL REMAIL A FRESH COPY UPON GETTING THE OLD ONE. AND TELL YOUR FRIENDS-NO FREE SAMPLES (UNLESS THEY FEEL LIKE MAILING FREE SAMPLES OF 10 DOLLAR BILLS FIRST!) NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG DUE TO POPULAR DEMAND AND THE HUGE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION NOW AVAILABLE TO ME,I HAVE DECIDED TO PUBLISH A SISTER MAGAZINE TO THE BOOTLEGGER CALLED- "THE HACKER" SAME SUBSCRIPTION PRICE AS THE BOOTLEGGER.SAME ADDRESS ALSO,BUT THE HACKER WILL BE PUBLISHED IN BETWEEN BOOTLEGGER ISSUES SO THAT YOU CAN GET INFO A LOT QUICKER! NATURALLY THE HACKER WILL PUBLISH A LOT OF GREAT INFO PERTAINING TO THE UNDERGROUND HACKING WORLD- SUBSCRIBE NOW-DON'T MISS ISSUE #1. (SOME OF THE HACKERS INFO WILL INCLUDE FILES TAKEN RIGHT OUT OF THE LATEST ESS MANUALS!) NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG FRIDAY MORNING I ARRIVE AT THE DAYS INN HOTEL IN MANHATTEN WITH MY OLE LADY.WE CHECK IN AT 11 AM UNDER THE NAME OF MR.AND MRS BROOKS. BUT LO AND BEHOLD THE DESK CLERK ASKS FOR MY I.D. AND THERE I STAND RED FACED AND EMBARRASSED CAUGHT DIRTY RIGHT OFF THE GIT GO TRYIN TO USE AN ALIAS.OH WELL-AFTER FILLING OUT ANOTHER REGISTRATION CARD WITH MY RIGHT NAME THIS TIME,ITS UP TO OUR ROOM FOR A QUICK CHANGE AND SOME AFTERNOON SHOPPING UNTIL 6 PM ARRIVES.AT 6 TAP HOLDS ITS MONTHLY MEETING AT A SECRET PLACE ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF GREENWICH VILLAGE EVERY MONTH.ARRIVING AT THE TAP MEETING ON TIME INTRODUCTIONS WERE QUICKLY MADE AND STORIES ABOUT THE PAST STARTED FLYING.CHESIRE STATED THAT TAP ORIGINALLY WAS STARTED BACK IN 1971 BY ABBEY HOFFMAN(OF CHICAGO 7 FAME) AS A POLITICAL ANARCHIST NEWSLETTER CALLED YPPL (YOUNG PEOPLES POLITICAL LOBBY).A FEW YEARS LATER THE NAME WAS CHANGED TO TAP AND AL BELL TOOK OVER.AS WE ALL KNOW CHESIRE CATALYST RAN TAP FOR AWHILE WHILE THE INFAMOUS ISSUE #91 WHICH WAS PRINTED BUT NEVER MAILED,WAS DONE BY TUC AND BIOC 003. (ISSUE #91 WAS GIVEN TO ALL THOSE THAT ATTENDED SATURDAY NIGHTS TAP CONVENTION) ANYHOW,I HAD HEARD A LOT OF RUMORS ABOUT WHO OWNED TAP AND OTHER SULTRY COMMENTS BY THE TIME I ARRIVED IN NYC. SO I DEFINATELY WANTED TO BE AT FRIDAY NIGHTS TAP MEETING BEFORE EVERYONE ARRIVED FOR THE BIG TAP CONVENTION ON SATURDAY NIGHT.(INCLUDING ALL THE FEDS THAT WERE EXPECTED TO BE SNEAKING AROUND) WE HAD A GREAT TIME FRIDAY NIGHT,MET A LOT OF COOL PEOPLE,AND FOUND OUT WHAT A LOT OF SHIT WAS TRUE AND WHAT WAS GOSSIP & BULLSHIT. AFTER ABOUT 4 HOURS,I GAVE THE OLD TAP CREW A BOX OF MANUALS TO COPY, AND WE DEPARTED BACK TO OUR HOTEL SO WE COULD GET AN EARLY START ON THINGS. S-T-R-R-A-A-N-N-G-G-E-E UPON ARRIVAL AT OUR ROOM,I FIND MY DOOR UNLOCKED BUT NOTHING MISSING. THEN 5 MINUTES LATER THE OLE LADY HEARS VOICES OUTSIDE OUR DOOR SAYING "YA-THEYRE FROM OREGON" THEN LATER MORE FOOTSTEPS OUTSIDE OUR DOOR.(OUR ROOM WAS THE LAST ONE AT THE END OF THE HALLWAY) COULD THE FEDS HAVE OUR ROOM BUGGED?? THE FACT THAT WE WERE ARRIVING WAS NOT A WELL KEPT SECRET.NOR WAS THE TAP CONVENTION TO BE HELD SATURDAY. SINCE THE CRACKER ALSO MET THE TAP CREW AND LEFT FOR HIS ROOM THE SAME TIME AS US,I CALLED HIM TO SEE IF ANYTHING UNUSUAL TWAS GOING ON AT HIS ROOM.BUT HE REPORTED ALL WAS WELL AT HIS END.BUT EVEN CHESIRE COMMENTATED THAT IT WAS UNUSUAL THAT THERE WAS SO MANY PEOPLE AT THAT HOTEL THAT WEEKEND! CALLED TIM UP-HE SAID HIS MOM WAS GIVING HIM STATIC BOUT FLYING TO NYC,AND THAT IM NOW PROMOTED TO MANAGING EDITOR WITH TUC AS EAST COAST EDITOR AND SUSAN THUNDER AS WEST COAST EDITOR AND SCAN MAN AS MIDWEST EDITOR. HE ASKED ME TO CARRY ON FOR HIM IN CASE HE COULDNT MAKE IT. (NOW YE GOTTA REMEMBER THAT IVE NEVER EVEN HEARD OF TIM OR THE WHACKO BROTHERS UNTIL 2 WEEKS PREVIOUS TO THIS.BUT THE PROSPECT OF $3500 PER DAY IN SUBSCRIPTIONS AND BILL STARTING UP AN UNIX SYSTEM FOR PHREAKS/HACKERS TIS WHAT ENTICED BOTH BILL AND I. ALSO, IVE BEEN PROMISSING THE NINJA NYC FOR YEARS THAT SOMEDAY ID MAKE IT TO NYC FOR ONE OF THEIR MONTHLY TAP MEETINGS. SO,I FIGURED IF WORSE CAME TO WORSE AND TAP DISSOLVED,I STILL HAD ONE GREAT VACATION AND FINALLY GOT TO MEET ALL THE GREAT PEOPLE THAT ATTEND THE MONTHLY TAP MEETINGS THAT IVE TALKED TO OVER THE YEARS.) THE STAGE TIS NOW SET FOR TOMMORROW- BUT A LOT OF VARIABLES STILL UNKNOWN. CONTINUED IN NEXT FILE- SATURDAY 10 AM DAYS INN MANHATTEN NY COLLESIUM ROOM OFFICIAL 1986 NATIONAL TAP CONVENTION SPEAKER- CHESIRE CATALYST PRESENT- VARIOUS HACKERS/CRACKERS/AND REPORTERS FROM ALL OVER THE U.S.A. INCLUDING DISTINGUISHED PHREAKS AND VARIOUS AGENTS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCYS TRYING BE SNEAKY. TOPICS - CCIS AND THE FUTURE OF TAP NO-SHOW- TUC-WHACKO BROTHERS-JOHN DRAPER -LEX LUTHOR-SUSAN THUNDER CABLE TV ASKED FOR PERMISSION TO FILM FROM THE REAR SO AS NOT TO GET ANYONES FACE ON FILM EXCEPT THE SPEAKERS (CHES IRES),AND EVERYONE PRESENT APPROVED OR STAYED BEHIND THE CAMERAS. WHILE CHESIRE WAS IN FRON OF THE ROOM EXPLAINING THE VIRTUES OF CCIS,MOST OF US OLE FARTS WERE IN BACK BEHIND THE CAMERAS HASHING OVER THE REAL TECH STUFF CONFRONTING OUR FUTURE. TOPIC TOUCHED UPON WERE BIT-MILE, CLASS,AND OF COURSE TAPS FUTURE. UPON CHESIRES COMPLETION OF HIS TUTORIAL OF CCIS,HE THEN PROCEEDED INTO THE QUESTION AND ANSWER SESSION REGARDING TAPS FUTURE AND IF INDEED TAP SHOULD BE RESTARTED AT ALL. (NOW YOU SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE FACT THAT SINCE CHESIRE HAS BEEN CASHING TAPS SUBSCRIPTION CHECKS FOR THE LAST 2 YEARS AND BLOWING THE MONEY ON HIMSELF,HE COULD NEVER AGAIN BE TRUSTED TO PUBLISH TAP.ALSO WITH OVER A THOUSAND OUTSTANDING CHECKS THAT HE CASHED,IM SUPRISED THAT NO-ONE HAS YET COMPLAINED ABOUT FRAUD TO POSTAL INSPECTORS.) TO MAKE A LONG STORY SHORT,SCAN MAN CONFRONTED HIM ABOUT THOSE CHECKS AND HIS RIPPING EVERYONE OFF,BUT ALL CHESIRE COULD SAY WAS HE WAS SORRY AND SPENT THE MONEY ON HIS BILLS. WHEN ASKED BY SCAN MAN ABOUT REFUNDS HE ASKED 2600 IF THEY WOULD LIKE TAP. THEY SAID THEY SURE WOULD LIKE TAPS MAILING LIST BUT WOULDNT WANT ANYTHING TO DO WITH TAPS LIABILITIES. I OFFERED ON BEHALF OF OUR GROUP TO ACCEPT BOTH ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF TAP,BUT THAT HE HAS TO SIGN OVER OWNERSHIP IN WRITING. OBVIOUSLY,CHESIRE WAS IN THE HOT SEAT. HE HAD ADMITTED TO A FEDERAL FELONY OF MAIL FRAUD IN FRONT OF TV AND WITNESSES. OBVIOUSLY HE NEEDED TIME TO THINK ABOUT THE RAMIFICATIONS OF HIS STATEMENTS AND LOOKED FOR THE QUICKEST WAY OUT OF THE LIMELIGHT WHICH WAS TO DECLARE THAT TAP MAGAZINE WAS DEAD FOREVER. OBVIOUSLY,THAT ANSWER PACIFIED THE PRESS,FEDS,AND FOOLS.BUT TO SOME OF US ,NO WAS NOT YET ACCEPTABLE.SO AFTER THE MAIN CONVENTION WAS OVER,CHESIRE,MYSELF,SCAN MAN,THE CRACKER,AND OTHERS DECENDED DOWN THE STAIRS INTO THE HOTEL BAR. AFTER A FEW DRINKS,I ASKED CHESIRE WHY HE WAS DETERMINED TO KILL TAP. HE FIRST SAID THAT HE DIDNT FEEL IT COULD BE CONTINUED IN THE SAME IDEOLOGY AS IT WAS ORIGINALLY INTENDED.I BLEW THAT FLIMSY EXCUSE AWAY BY STATING THAT TAPS ORIGIN WAS ABBEY HOFFMAN AND TAP WAS ORIGINALLY INTENDED AS AN ANARCHY TYPE NEWSLETTER OF THE OLE VIETNAM PROTEST DAYS,AND IF INDEED IT WAS CHANGE HE WAS WORRIED ABOUT,THEN HE HIMSELF HAD ALREADY DONE THAT. NEXT EXCUSE WAS THAT HE DIDNT WANT TO SEE TAP PUBLISHED USING LAZAR WRITERS AND NEW HIGH TECH METHODS INSTEAD OF THE OLE GLUE POT AND PASTEBOARD METHODS. THIS ONE ANSWER RAISED EVERYONES EYE- BROWS HALF AN INCH.OBVIOUSLY EITHER HIS EGO IS SUCH THAT HE WANTS HIS NAME AND TAP TO DIE TOGETHER,OR POSSIBLY SOMEONE IS PAYING CHESIRE NOT TO GIVE UP TAP,AND LET IT DIE.(I.E.BELL SECURITY,FBI,SECRET SERVICE.) THE LATTER MAKES MORE SENSE,AS THAT TIS THE ONLY WAY HE CAN AVOID A FEDERAL MAIL FRAUD BUST. SEEING THAT IT WAS USELESS TO CONTINUE ALONG THOSE LINES,ME,SCAN MAN & MY OLE LADY WENT ON TO THE RED PARROT DISCO UNTILL 4 AM HAVING ONE GOOD TIME,AND GETTING WASTED. IS TAP REALLY DEAD YOU ASK? NOT ON YOUR LIFE-SEEMS LIKE A GOOD POSSIBILITY EXISTS THAT ABBEY HOFFMAN NEVER SIGNED OVER THE RIGHTS TO TAP TO ANYONE! AND ALL THESE YEARS THE REAL OWNERSHIP STILL LIES IN HIS HANDS! AND THE WHACKO BROTHERS JUST FINISHED A 2 HOUR CONFERANCE WITH ABBEY HOFFMAN IN WHICH HE SAID NOT ONLY WILL HE GIVE THEM YPPL AND TAP RIGHTS,BUT WILL ALSO HELP WRITE FOR THEM AND USE HIS EXPERTISE TO HELP THEM AQUIRE MILLIONS OF NEW SUBSCRIBERS.SEEING AS HOW CHESIRE WOULD HAVE TO FILE SUIT AND EXPLAIN HIS ACTIVITIES WITH TAPS SUBSCRIPTION FUNDS BEING DIVERTED INTO HIS OWN POCKET,I FIND IT VERY UNLIKELY CHESIRE WILL DO NOTHING MORE THAN HUMBLY STEP ASIDE. THERE IS NO GUARANTEE TAP WILL RE-START. BUT EVEN IF THE WACKO BROTHERS DONT USE TAPS NAME,THEY STILL MAY BE PUTTING OUT A PHREAK/HACKING MAGAZINE THAT CERTAINLY HAS STIRRED THE INTEREST OF ALL THE GREATS BOTH PRESENT AND PAST.(PROVIDING THE WACKO BROTHERS STAY OUT OF JAIL LONG ENOUGH) FOR THOSE OF YOU INTERESTED IN TAKING A CHANCE SUBSCRIBING TO THE NEW TAP- SEND $35 TO TAP MAGAZINE 611 PAINTED VISTA DR. ST.LOUIS MO. 63021 314-527-8922 NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG $25 PER YEAR THE BOOTLEGGER MAGAZINE 1080 HAYS RD. CAVE JCT.OR 97523 ALSO $25 PER YEAR THE HACKER MAGAZINE 1080 HAYS CUT-OFF RD. CAVE JCT. OR. 97523 BET YA BEEN HEARING A LOT OF RUMORS ABOUT TAP STARTING UP AGAIN! WELL,SO HAVE I. SO-O-O,YE OLE BOOTLEG DECIDES TO CALL ROUND YE U.S. TO SEE JUST WHAT TIS HAPPENING,AND LO AND BEHOLD,A STORY OF INTRIGUE,MYSTERY, AND SPY VS SPY IN THE PHREAKING/HACKING UNFOLDS AS NEVER BEFORE IN OUR HISTORY. ALTHOUGH I LIKE EVERYONE PERSONALLY THAT IM GONNA TELL YA ABOUT,A FEW OF THEM DEFINATELY HAVE BEEN BURNING AND FUCKING PEOPLE IN SPADES. NOW LET YE STORY UNFOLD. R-R-R-I-I-I-N-N-N-G-G-G HELLO BOOTLEG,THIS IS TIM OF THE WACKO/CRACKO BROTHERS.DO YOU WANNA JOIN A CONFERANCE. SURE SAYS I. BEEP HEY BOOTLEG,SAYS TIM,IVE BEEN TALKING TOCHESIRE CATALYST AND HE'S GONNA GIVE ME THE RIGHTS,MAILING LIST,BACK ISSUES, AND NAME OF TAP MAGAZINE TO ME SO I CAN RESTART TAP. WHOA-A SAYS I-HOW YOU GONNA GET PEOPLE TO SUBSCRIBE SINCE TAP BURNED LOTS OF PEOPLE 2 YEARS AGO OUT OF A BUNCH OF SUBSCRIPTION MONEY. WELL,SINCE MY MOM OWNS A PRINTING COMPANY AND MY DAD OWNS 2 AD AGENCYS AND 2 RADIO STATIONS AND IVE ALREADY INTERVIEWED 50 OF THE GREATEST PHREAKS AND HACKERS IN HISTORY AND IVE GOT A 53 PAGE 1ST ISSUE ALL LAID OUT AND READY TO GO,IVE BEEN ADVERTISING ON ALL THE BOARDS FOR SUBSCRIBERS,AND IVE BEEN GETTING ABOUT A HUNDRED SUBSCRIBERS PER DAY AT $35 EACH. WOW-SAYS I!! THAT SOUNDS GREAT SO FAR.IF INDEED YOU CAN RE-START TAP,YOU CAN COUNT ON ANY HELP I CAN GIVE YOU. WELL BOOT,I WAS WONDERING IF YOU WOULD BE TAPS WEST COAST EDITOR. SURE SAYS I,IF INDEED YOU CAN REALLY PUT WHAT YOU SAY TOGETHER ILL EVEN SEND YOU A BOX OF TELCO MANUALS AND INTRODUCE YOU TO A GREAT HACKER THAT ALREADY HAS PUBLISHING EXPERIENCE. (BILL LANDRETH AKA THE CRACKER THAT WROTE "OUT OF THE INNER CIRCLE") AS A MATTER OF FACT,ILL CALL BILL AND SEE IF HE WANTS TO GET INVOLVED, IF SO HE WILL CALL YOU SOON. BUT THERE IS ONE PROBLEM SAYS TIM. SEEMS LIKE AS SOON AS A LOT OF PEOPLE HEARD I WAS GETTING TAP,THEY ALSO HAVE STARTED CALLING CHESIRE TRYING TO GET HIM TO GIVE THEM THE MAGAZINE OR STOP ITS PUBLICATION BECAUSE THEY DONT WANT THE COMPET ITION. WHAT AND WHOM ARE THESE PEOPLE SAYS I? AND WHY ARE THEY DOING THIS? ONE GROUP IS LEX LUTHOR AND L.O.D. MEMBERS BECAUSE THEY WERE THINKING OF STARTING THEIR OWN MAGAZINE CALLED PROJECT AWARE,AND WERE AFRAID THAT TAPS REBIRTH WOULD KILL ANY CHANCES OF THEIR PUBLICATION SUCCEEDING. HELL,SAYS I-LOD TIS BUT A VERY SMALL GROUP IN THE HACKING/PHREAKING COMMUNITY.ALTHOUGH I KNOW A LOT OF THEM OVER THE YEARS,I WOULD THINK THEY HAVE MATURED BEYOND PLAYING KID TYPE GAMES AND PETTY JEOLOUSLY. AFTER ALL,THERE IS ROOM FOR ANOTHER 10 GOOD MAGAZINES,AND I MYSELF HAVE MORE INFO,MANUALS,ETC. THAT CAN EVER BE PUBLISHED BY EVEN 10 MAGAZINES. NOT ONLY THAT-BUT NEW STUFF TIS AVAILABLE AT AN ASTOUNDING RATE NOWADAYS. NO TIM,YOU JUST TELL ANYONE THAT TRYS TO INTIMIDATE YOU TO FUCK OFF AND DIE! EVERYONE COULD HAVE CALLED CHESIRE AND DONE THE SAME THING YOU DID OVER THESE LAST 2 YEARS.NOW THAT SOMEONE FINALLY HAS THE BALLS TO DO IT,I FOR ONE WILL HELP THEM OUT.AND IM SURE THAT EVERYONE I KNOW WILL STAND BEHIND WHOMEVER HAS THE GUTS TO PUBLISH TAP AGAIN. THANX BOOTLEG,BUT ANOTHER PROBLEM THAT HAS ARISED IS THE RUMOR THAT CHESIRE DOESNT OWN TAP ANYMORE. TIM-THE ONLY PEOPLE THAT ARE FEEDING YOU ALL THIS BULL ARE THE ONES PRETEND ING TO BE YOUR FRIENDS SO THAT THEY CAN TALK YOU INTO NOT PUBLISHING TAP. THESE PEOPLE(NAMES WITH-HELD) HAVE THEIR OWN GREEDY PLANS FOR GETTING TAPS NAME AND WILL TRY ANYTHING TO CON OR SCARE YOU INTO GIVING UP. YOUVE DONE A GREAT JOB ON YOUR OWN SO FAR,AND YOU DONT NEED ANY OF THEM,THEY NEED YOU,OR OTHERWISE THEY WOULDNT BE GIVING YOU THE TYPE OF ATTENTION YOUVE BEEN GETTING. DONT PAY ATTENTION TO THE 1 % OF OUR COMMUNITY THAT ARE ARROGANT SUPPOSED KNOW IT ALLS.OVER THE YEARS IVE FOUND THAT THE BEST HACKERS AND PHREAKS HELP OTHERS,AND COULDNT CARE LESS ABOUT JOINING GROUPS WITH FUNNY NAMES.99% OF THE COMMUNITY WILL SUPPORT TAPS NEW PUBLISHERS 100%. AND THATS WHAT THE OTHER 1% IS DEATHLY AFRAID OF!!!!!!!!! OK BOOT-IM GONNA GO AHEAD WITH TAP EVEN IF CHESIRE DOESNT WANT IT REVIVED!BUT FIRST IM GONNA ASK FOR A MEETING IN NEW YORK WITH CHESIRE,YOU,ME,THE CRACKER,TUC, SUSAN THUNDER,2600 MAGAZINE,HIGH TIMES MAGAZINE,SCAN MAN,LEX LUTHOR, AND CAP'N CRUNCH AKA JOHN DRAPER. IF YOU AND BILL CAN GO,ILL PAY FOR THE PLANE TICKETS AND HOTEL. (AFTER SEVERAL MORE DAYS OF CONFERANCES, PEOPLE CHANGING SIDES,AND MORE FIGHTING FOR TAPS CONTROL,A DECISION WAS REACHED TO MEET IN NYC MARCH 8TH FOR A GENERAL TAP CONVENTION TO DECIDE BETWEEN ALL INVOLVED WHAT YE FATE OF TAP IS TO BE.) READ THE NEXT FILE TO LEARN ABOUT YE GREAT 1986 TAP CONVENTION!!!!!!!!!!! WANT CATALOGS AND WHOLESALE PRICE LISTS OF ALL KINDS OF TELCO EQUIPMENT? JUST CALL THESE PHONE EQUIPMENT DISTRIBUTORS FOR GREAT DEALS. CENTRAL SUPPLY 800-2284598 NORTH SUPPLY 913-7917090 7000 ATI SUPPLY 818-8899236 GRAYBAR ELECTRIC 314-7273900 LINCOLN SUPPLY 800-2280062 ANIXTER 312-6772600 ALLTEL SUPPLY 404-4478410 YA CAN GET TELCO HANDSETS TO CENTRAL OFFICE SWITCHES USED BY CALLIN YE BELOW # FOR A FREE SUBSCRIPTION TO THIS MONTHLY SHEET. TELECOM GEAR 800-542-7279 212-691-8215 MODEM 212-989-4675 CALL WITH CARE-BUT CALL ANYWHERE! NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG TRANSMISSION TEST LINE AND TEST-LINE TERMINATIONS DIRECTORY 1. GENERAL 1.01 The purpose of this practice if to provide a list of working NNX Codes, The Common Language Location Identification (CLLI) Codes for the associated Central Office Building, the principal geographical location served, and related test-line terminations. 1.02 Since the test numbers have been standardized, this practice will also indicate the type of test line provided for each NNX Code. 1.03 Test line or test termination are terms sometimes used interchangeably to name a testing equipment, facility, circuit, or test communication channel. These include simple static terminations and relatively complex testing circuits capable of applying marginal tests and recognizing and replying to specific signals received. 1.04 Test lines for intertoll trunks are known as National Code Test Lines (or test terminations) and are a part of the basic maintenance pattern in the intertoll dialing plan. These National Code Test Lines provide assistance in connection with maintenance tests at Testboards and automatic testing equipment. These test lines and details of operation are shown in Section 2 of this practice. 1.05 Bell System Practice 660-450--301 contains information on testing at Testboards and locations other than Testboards. 1.06 Local Test Lines (or terminations) are located in the end offices (local central offices) and complement the manual and automatic test facilities at the outgoing end of the trunk under test. These test lines and details of operation are shown in Section 3 of this practice. 1.07 This practice is organized in sections to simplify the proceures for additions and corrections: Section No. 1 - General Information Section No. 2 - National Code Test Lines Section No. 3 - Local Office Test Lines Appendix 1 - Numerical list of NNX Codes and Associated Test Numbers 2. NATIONAL CODE TEST LINES 2.01 National Code Test Lines (or test terminations) are part of the basic maintenance pattern in the distance dialing plan for the maintenance of intertoll trunks. These test lines provide assistance in connection with maintnence tests at testboards and automatic testing equipment. 2.02 National Code Test Lines 100, 101, 102, 103, and 104 will return a steady "Off-Hook" signal which removes the single frequency signaling tone that would otherwise interfere with certain measurements. 2.03 It is important that the equipment associated with the test line codes be well maintained. Regular checks should be made of their performance as covered in the Bell System Practice. 2.04 National Code Test Lines include fixed terminations and relatively complex testing circuits. Some are capable of recognizing, testing, and replying to specific signals. The more complicated test lines can be used to make two-way net loss measurements and noise test without assistance from the far-end office. 2.05 Each test line circuit is connected automatically by the far-end switching equipment upon receipt of the proper code number. It is disconnected either on a time interval basis or when released at the originating end. 2.06 Reference: Code 100 - Bell System Practice 660-440-100 Code 101 - Bell System Practice 660-440-101 Code 102 - Bell System Practice 660-440-102 Code 103 - Bell System Practice 660-440-103 Code 970 - Bell System Practice 660-440-113 2.07 Code 100 - Noise and Balance Terminations Provides a connection to a test line termination at the terminals of intertoll trunks for noise and balance testing. The features of this test line termination are: a) Returns "Off-Hook" supervision to the calling end as long as the trunk is held by the calling end. b) Provides a "Pad Control" feature at offices having pad control arrangements. Tests are normally made in the "Pad Out" condition. c) Provides a 600 or 900 Ohm impedance termination. This impedance simulates the impedance at 1000 hertz presented by the intertoll trunk at the point at which the termination is connected. NOTE: There is a program underway to convert all Code 100 test lines to Combination Milliwatt and Balance test lines. The new test line enables both far-near loss and noise measurements to be made on one connection. The features of the new termination are: off-hook followed by 5.5 seconds of 1000 hertz, then 5.5 seconds of 600 or 900 Ohm impedance termination followed by one second of on-hook, then 600 or 900 Ohm termination until the calling end disconnects. 2.08 Code 101 - Toll Testboard Communication and Test Trunk Provides a dial communication line into the testboard that maintains the intertoll trunks. The features of this test line are: a) Returns "Off-Hook" supervision to the originating point when the trunk is answered at the testboard position and "On-Hook" supervision when the testboard disconnects. b) A recall signal from the originating point is indicated on the testboard position cord lamp. A recall signal may be returned to the originating point by operating the proper testboard position key. c) Provides a "Pad-In" condition during connection at offices having pad control arrangement. A pad control key is provided at testboards to check operation of switching pads. 2.09 Code 102 - One Milliwatt, 1000-hertz Testing Power Provides access to 1000-hertz test power in various switching systems for one-way transmission measurements of intertoll trunks. The features of this test line are: a) Sends test power for approximately 10 seconds. The power is then removed to assure that the test line will be disconnected from the intertoll trunks single frequency signaling. b) Returns "Off-Hook" supervision when testing power is connected and "On-Hook" signal when it is disconnected. c) Provides idle circuit termination in the on-hook condition. 2.10 Code 103 - Supervisory and Signaling Test Termination Provides a connection to a test circuit for overall test of supervisory and signaling path features of intertoll trunks. The features of this test line are: a) Returns "Off-Hook" supervision to the originating point on seizure of test trunk. b) Returns "On-Hook" supervision on receipt of a ring forward signal. c) Provides a flashing "On-Off-Hook" signal of 120 IPM (recorder flashes) on reciept of a second ring forward signal. 2.11 Code 104 - Far-End Transmission Measuring and Noise Checking Circuit Provides a test termination for two-way transmission testing and one-way noise checking on calls originated by a Distant Automatic Transmission Test and Control Circuit (ATTC) or by a distant testboard. The features of this test line are: a) Provides for normal pad arrangement under measuring condition. b) Receives and measures 1000 hertz, one milliwatt minus the circuit loss. c) Arranges a network to simulate the loss indicated above. d) Sends 100-hertz, one milliwatt tone toward testing pad. 2.12 Code 105 - Automatic Transmission Measuring System (ATMS) Circuit Provides access to an ATMS responder used for automatic transmission measuring programs, such as ATMS and CAROT (Centralized Automatic Reporting on Trunks). For more information on 105 test lines, see Bell System Practice 103-250-101. 2.13 Code 970 - Used for Office Balance Provides a connection through the crossbar switches to a spare office link terminal and the associated appearance at the manual outgoing trunk test frame. 3. LOCAL OFFICE TEST LINES 3.01 Local office test lines (or test terminations) are provided for the maintenance of interoffice and toll switching trunks with the test originated either on a manual or automatic basis. 3.02 These test lines are reached by dialing or keying a customer-type telephone number. 3.03 Combination One Milliwatt (102-Type Test Line) and Loop Around Two terminations are provided for transmission testing of trunks. Test calls directed to the first termination are connected to a one-milliwatt, 1000-hertz source for far-to-near end termination loss measurment. Two-way transmission loss measurements may be made by one person utilizing both terminations. After having measured the far- to-near end loss of all trunks in the group using this reference trunk, a test call is originated to the first termination. Taking each of the remaining trunks in turn, originate a call to the second termination and connecting test power to this trunk at the near end, then measure power received at the near end on the reference trunk. By knowing the far-to-near loss of the reference trunk and the overall measurement of the two trunks, the near-to-far loss is calculated by subtraction. The requirements for these terminations are as follows: a) Trips machine ringing. b) Connects one-milliwatt, 1000-hertz testing power to the first termination at 10-second intervals as long as the connection is held at the calling end and no connection made to the second termination. This interval consists of 9 seconds test power with off-hook supervision and 1 second no power with on-hook supervision and idle circuit termination. c) With a connection to the first termination with the second termination selected, test power is removed from the the first termination and the transmission path of both terminations are directly connected, forming a loop. Off-hook supervision (9 seconds), followed by on-hook supervision (1 second), is returned on both terminations. Release of the second termination returns test power to the first termination. d) When the second termination is selected without a connection to the first termination, ringing will be tripped and an idle circuit termination connected to the transmission path with on-hook supervision. (No.1 and No. 5 Crossbar only. Panel and step-by- step ringing will not trip.) Caution: In general, a call to the second termination should not be made without first establishing a call to the first termination, otherwise you may interfere with other testing. 3.04 Nonsynchronous-Type Test Line The nonsynchronous-type test line provides an operation test which is not as complete as the synchronous test but can be made rapidly. the test may be originated on either a manual or automatic basis. a) For those offices where marginal-type tests cannot be applied directly to the incoming trunk circuit, as is frequently the case in connection with step-by-step systems, the synchronous test line (See 3.05) is not required and only the nonsynchronous test line is required. In this case, the minimum requirements for this termination are as follows: 1) Starts to function under control of ringing signal. 2) returns audible ringing for a minimum of 5 seconds. 3) Trips machine ringing. 4) Returns 60-IPM busy signal which consists of low tone applied during alternate .5 second intervals until disconnection. Alternate .5 second off-hook and on-hook suppervisory signals may or may not be returned in addition to low tone. b) For those offices where marginal-type test can be applied directly to the incoming trunk cicuit, as in the case of Bell System Panel and Crossbar-type Offices, both the synchronous (See 3.05) and the nonsynchronous-type test lines are required. In this case, the minimum requirements for this termina- tion are as follows: 1) Returns 60=IPM busy signal which consists of low tone applied during alternate .5 second intervals until disconnection. Alternate .5 second off-hook and on-hook supervisory signals may or may not be returned in addition to low tone. 3.05 Synchronous-Type Test Line The synchronous-type test lines provide marginal test of the supervisory and tripping functions. Tests may be originated on either a manual or automatic basis. This type of test line is required for offices, such as Bell System Panel and Crossbar-type Offices where ringing, tripping and supervisory features are in the incoming trunk relay equipment and may be tested directly. The requirements for this termination are as follows: a) Test for application of the ringing signal. b) Test for pretripping of machine ringing during the silent interval. c) Provide interrupted audible ringing tone during one two-second interval. d) Test for tripping machine ringing during three-second silent interval. e) Provide the following supervisory tests: 1) An off-hook signal of approximately 1.3 seconds duration for synchronizing with automatic progression test equipment in the originating office. During this period, soak current is applied to the supervisory relays. 2) The synchronizing signal is followed by two seperate off-hook signals of .3 second duration during which time soak current is applied to the supervisory relays. 3) Next, an on-hook signal of approximately .2 second duration is returned during which time the release current is applied to the supervisory relays. 4) A second series of off-hook signals consisting of a synchronizing signal and two flashes are returned. During each off-hook interval of this series, operate current is applied to the super- visory relays. During each on-hook interval, an open circuit condition is presented to the supervisory relays. f) Send tone signals to the originating office as follows: 1) Continued regular audible machine ringing tone indicates a failure to trip ringing. 2) Audible ringing tone for .3 second intervals interrupted for .2 second indicates that the trunk circuit tripping feature operated on the pretripping test. 3) A "tick-tock" tone at the rate of 120 IPM without flash indicates that all tests have been completed and are awaiting disconnect. 3.06 Office Identification An office identificaton test termination is provided so that manually originated test calls, directed to this termination from other offices within the system, will receive an indication that the proper termination was reached. To insure that the proper office is reached, a different telephone number (four digits excluding office prefix) is required for each series of telephone numbers comprising a terminating local office unit in a Numbering Plan Area. a) Electro-mechanical Offices The requirements for electro-mechanical office termina- tions are as follows: 1) Trip machine ringing. 2) Return high tone to the calling end as identifica- tion tone. 3) Return on-hook supervision to the calling end to prevent charge in case a subscriber inadvertently dials this termination. Note: The present Panel and Crossbar-Type Offices use a call-through test line circuit for this termination which returns interrupted high tone for approximately seven seconds before it returns off-hook supervision. b) Electronic Switching Offices The requirements for No. 1 and No. 2 ESS Office Termi- nations are as follows: 1) Busy tone for seven seconds with on-hook super- vision. 2) Busy tone for seven seconds with off-hook super- vision. 3) Following the period of busy tone, the connection to the busy tone is abandoned and the ICT is connected to a steady high tone trunk. A continous alternating sequence of on-hook (500 - 600 ms) and off-hook (1500 - 1700 ms) signals is sent until disconnect. 3.07 Noise and Balance Termination-900 Ohms (100-Type Test Line) A termination for noise and balance (return loss and sing- ing) test is provided for all trunks. The requirements for this termination are as follows: a) Trips machine ringing. b) Provides a 900-Ohm termination across the transmission path simulating the nominal impedance of a subscriber's loop. c) Provides supervision at 10 second intervals as long as connection is held by calling end. This consists of 9 seconds off-hook followed by 1 second on-hook. (Panel and step-by-step only. No. 1 and No. 5 Crossbar steady off-hook.) (Note - See paragraph 3.13). 3.08 Noise and Balance termination - Short Circuit A short circuit termination for noise and balance (return loss and singing) test reached by calling a subscriber's telephone number is required for trunks with E-type repeaters. The require- ments for this termination are as follows: a) Trips machine ringing. b) Provides essentially an AC short circuit across the termination. c) Provides supervision at 10 second intervals, as long as connection is held by calling end. This consists of 9 seconds off-hook followed by 1 second on-hook. (Panel and step-by-step only. No. 1 and No. 5 Cross- bar steady off-hook. 3.09 Noise and Balance Termination - Open Circuit An open circuit termination for noise and balance (return loss and singing) test on trunks with E-type repeaters. The requirements for this termination are as follows: a) Trips machine ringing. b) Provides an impedance termination which at 1000 hertz simulates an open termination. c) Provides supervision at 10-second intervals, as long as connection is held by calling end. This consists of 9 seconds off-hook followed by 1 second on-hook. (Panel and step-by-step only. No. 1 and No. 5 Cross- bar steady off-hook. 3.10 Office Balance Termination - OB Code used for reaching outgoing trunk test frame in crossbar tandem swtiching office and operates as follows: a) This code provides a connection through the crossbar tandem swtiched to a spare office link terminal and the associated jack apperance at the manual outgoing test frame. b) Reference: Bell System Practice 660-440-113 3.11 Far-End Transmission Measuring and Noise Checking Circuit - 104-Type Test Line Provides a test termination for two-way transmission testing and one-way noise checking on calls originating by a distant automatic transmission test and control circuit (ATTC) or by an automatic transmission measuring system (ATMS), together with an appropriate test frame. Manual test may be made to this circuit from the following locations: a) Toll Testboard b) Manual outgoing trunk test frame. c) Master test frame (MTF). d) Other manual transmission testing arrangements at the orignating office. Reference: Bell System Practice 103-235-100 3.12 "99" Test Terminal In some stp-bystep offices the tens and units digits, 99, is a reverse battery test number. 3.13 Combination Milliwatt and Balance Test Line (New 100-Type Line) This is a new test termination that will be installed in all central offices to replace existing Noise and Balance - 900 Ohm or "quiet line" terminations (See 3.07). Although all codes will eventually be equipped, a c following the 900 Ohm balance number in the appendixes indicates that the 100-type test line is the old type (i.e., termination only, no tone). The advantages of the Combination Test Line are: a) Gives a positive indication that a properly terminated Balance test line has been reached. b) Allows both far-near loss and noise measurements to be made on one dial-up connection. The features of the Combination Milliwatt and Balance test line are as follows: a) Trip machine ringing and return off-hook super- vision. b) Send 1000 hertz, one milliwatt test tone for 5.5 seconds. c) Provide on-hook supervision for one second. d) Return off-hook supervision and 900 Ohm impedance termination until calling end disconnects. 3.14 ATMS 105 - Automatic Transmission Measuring System (ATMS) Circuit (105-Type Test Line) Provides access to an ATMS responder used for automatic transmission measuring programs, such as ATMS and CAROT (Centralized Automatic Reporting on Trunks). Information on Central Office responsibilities for CAROT can be found in Addendum 010-410-300 OB. ides access to an ATMS responder used for automatic Here is another description of the various test numbers in use around the area codes phrequently phreaked by phine phoney phellows and phelines. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. General 1.01 This directory provides test line numbers used for operational and transmission trunk testing in class 5 offices that are equipped with test lines. 2. Acronyms and Abbreviations 2.01 Following are the acronyms and abbreviations used in this instruction: ATMS -- Automatic Transmission Measuring System BAL -- Balance CLLI -- Common Language Location Identification HZ -- Hertz MW -- Milliwatt NPA -- Numbering Plan Area RSB -- Repair Service Bureau STC -- Serving Test Center SUPV -- Supervisor or Supervision SNYC -- Synchronous TND -- Test Number Directory TP0 -- Test Pad, Value 0 TP2 -- Test Pad, Value 2 dB TP9 -- Test Pad, Value 9 dB Designation Equipment Type ----------- -------------- AES Automatic Electric System DMS Digital Multiplex Switcher DV Digital Vidar 4AT No. 4A Toll Crossbar 1EAX Automatic Electric System (Electronic) 1ES No. 1 Electronic Switching System 2ES No. 2 Electronic Switching System 3ES No. 3 Electronic Switching Sysem 4ES No. 4 Electronic Switching System 4MT No. 4 Toll Crossbar KEL Kellogg NE North Electric NEC Nippon Electric Corporation PAN Panel RSS Remote Switching System SXS Step-By-Step(use SXS for 355 and 355A type) TSPS Traffic Service Positions System 1XB No. 1 Crossbar 3XB No. 3 Crossbar 25X No. 5 Crossbar, 2-wire 45X No. 5 Crossbar, 4-wire XBT Crossbar Tandem XY Stromberg Carlson 3. Description of Test Lines 3.01 "Test Line" and "Test Termination" are terms sometimes used interchangebly to designate a testing equipment, facility, circuit or testing communicaiton channel. These include simple passive terminations and relatively complex testing circuits capable of applying marginal signaling tests, transmission tests, and recognizing and replying to specific signals received. 3.02 Trunk test lines return off-hook (answered) supervision. This permits measurements to be made in the normal "in-service" (talk) condition. 3.03 Test lines are adjusted to provide correct level and impedance as measured at their actual switch appearance. 3.04 Test lines are reached by dialing a customer-type telephone number when testing toward a class 5 office. 3.05 Class 5 office test lines are arranged to trip machine ringing and may furnish timed disconnect features when joint-holding and/or in-band signaling is used. Line equipment is arranged for terminating service only. 3.06 Following is a description of the various test lines: A) 100-types L or T - provide a termination equivalent to the office switching impedance and is used for balance and noise test. A typical sequence after seizure is: -- Off-hook supervision -- 175 millisecond delay -- 5.5 second burst of 1000 Hz tone -- 5.5 second termination -- 1 second interval of on-hook supervision -- termination with off-hook supervision until released by calling end. Earlier versions are not equipped with timed test tone and may return repetitive 1 second intervals of on-hook every 10 seconds until released. B) AC short and AC open termination - used to test the stability of trunks with negative impedance repeaters. These test lines: -- Trip ringing -- Return off-hook supervision -- Provide essentially an AC short circuit and an AC open circuit respectively. They may be equipped with repetitive disconnect features. C) 102-type - provides connection to a 1004 Hz power source (milliwatt) required for one-way transmission testing. Typical features are: -- Off-hook supervision -- 175 millisecond delay -- 1004 Hz at reference level -- 1 second interval of on-hook supervision, without tone. Every 10 seconds until released. -- Idle circuit termination during on-hook Fixed pads (TP2, TP9) and pad switching signals are included in the test line, when required, to furnish proper reference level at the switch. D) Synchronous type - enable automatic and manual testing of the signaling and supervisor features of trunks not equipped to recognize ring forward signals. 1) After ringing signal and pretripping test, a 1.3 second synchronizing pulse (off-hook signal) is sent. This synchronizes the automatic progression test equip- ment in the originating office with the test line. 2) The synchronizing pulse is followed by three 0.2 second intervals of off-hook. During the off-hook periods, soak current is applied; during the on-hook periods an open circuit is presented to the supervisory relays. 3) A third series of signals may be provided to test transfer features of centrex offices. 4) Results of tests are as follows: -- 0.3 second bursts of audible ringing at 0.2 second intervals indicate that the trunk tripping feature operated on the pretripping test, or -- a tick-tone at 120 IPM, without flash,indicates that all tests are completed. E) Nonsynchronous type - after ringing signal and tripping of ringing tests are made, flashing supervisory signals are sent. A typical sequence is: -- 1.0 or 1.5 seconds off-hook -- 0.5 second on-hook -- 1.0 or 1.5 second off-hook -- 0.2 second on-hook -- 0.3 second off-hook -- Repeats of 0.2 second on-hook and 0.3 second off-hook until released. Low tone is generally applied during off-hook periods. In offices also equipped with a synchronous test line, the nonsynchronous test line may: -- Trip ringing, and -- Return alternate 0.5 second off-hook and on-hook signals with low tone applied during the off-hook periods, until released. F) 105-types L or T - provide access to a far end automatic transmission measuring system (ATMS) responder. Two-way transmission, noise and gain-slope measurements may be made between the far end responder and a near end responder under control of automatically or manually directed test equip- ment. Gain-slope measurements are made at 404, 1004 and 2804 Hz at a transmitting level of -16dBM. Early type responders may not be equipped with this feature. G) 106-type - Loop-Around test lines permit manual two way transmission measurements without far end assistance. Two test line numbers are required for access in class 5 offices. -- Port A, seized alone, provides the functions of a 102-type test line. -- Port B, seized alone, provides the functions of a 100-type test line. -- Ports A and B, seized sequentially, enables the loop-around feature. 1) Trunk A is directed to Port A and a far-near measurement is made and recorded. With port A held, trunk B is directed to port B. This loops the far end transmission paths of ports A and B. 2) A reference tone is transmitted near-far over trunk B and measured as far-near over trunk A. The first recorded measurement subtracted from the second measurement indicates the near-far loss of trunk B. 3) Early versions may not be equipped with reference tone, and the initial far-near measurement must first be ascertained from a 102-type test line. Also, some early versions do not trip ringing on Port A until Port B is seized. NOTE: All loop-around test lines should be equipped with 60A control units. H) 107-type - provides an automatically generated progression of test signals. The durations and sequence is as follows: 1) P/AR (Peak to Average Ratio) signal: 15 seconds 2) 1004 Hz at -16dBM: 10 seconds 3) 404 Hz at -16dBM: 10 seconds 4) 2804 Hz at -16dBM: 10 seconds 5) Termination (balance): 20 seconds 6) 1004 Hz at -16dBM: 7.5 minutes 7) Terminations: 3 seconds 8) Repeats steps (6) and (7) until released by calling end. ---------------------END---------------------------------------- This description contained a little additional information about the subject of Test Numbers. The main items were the acronyms and abbreviations plus the switching equpiment designations. The equipment type ID is very useful because with different types of switches, you can do different things--IF YOU KNOW HOW!!!!!! However, not all test number lists include equipment IDS, but most of them do. Hope you phreaky phellows and phelines phind this info of use. Phreak it up, but be careful-it's getting nasty out there!!! u can do different things--IF YOU KNOW HOW!!!!!! However, not all test number lists include equipment IDS, but most of them do. Hope you phreaky phellows and phelines phi The following is an article from the January issue of MCI World, a monthly newsletter published by MCI for it's employees. THE MANY FACES OF FRAUD The new year will see a stepped up MCI attack on telephone fraud--illegal use of the long distance network through access by stolen authorization codes or electronic devices. The offensive is led by Everick Bowens, senior manager of MCI's security investigations department and president of the industry-wide Communications Fraud Control Association (CFCA). Success in curbing this theft of service has earned MCI security investigators a reputation as super sleuths at headquarters and in the divisions. New teeth were added to the attack on telephone fraud when the U.S. Scret Service was assigned to augment continuing investigative efforts by the FBI and other law enforcement agencies. Because telephone fraud is outright theft from the company, MCI is determined to prevent, detect, investigate and prosecute any illicit use of its network. To learn more about how MCI conducts its antifraud campaign, MCI World talked with Bowens. MCI World: Is it true that MCI has systems that can detect fradulent activity while it is occuring? Bowens: Yes: Our fraud systems detect abnormal usage and hacking. The systems also help us to track down offenders even when we have only the authorization code he or she is abusing. Because we can profile abusers and trace phone calls, it is easier for us to prepare cases for prosecution. MCI World: Abuses involving computer "hacking" to get authorization codes seem to attract public attention. But there are other types of fraud equally damaging to the telecommunications industry. Would you identify some of these? Bowens: The primary form of abuse is by "hackers," who use computer programs to derive customers' authorization codes. These codes can be widely disseminated via electronic bulletin boards. Because many of these boards are public, the codes fall into the hands of anyone with access to the boards. We also encounter electronic toll fraud, wich involves tone-generating devices that allow offenders to place fraudulent calls. MCI World: Is one type of fraudulent activity more prevalent than another? Bowens: Natonwide, fraud most frequently originates from military posts, college campuses and prison--places where there are numbers of people far from home, or who have little else to do but manipulate the telephone. This type of abuse prompts the bulk of our investigations. MCI World: Who is most likely to commit fraud? Is there a general profile of the common offender? Bowens: Computer crime typically occurs in affm2o"{EPr litan`3], M5RanL i\volves juveniles. Electronic fraud also occurs in major metropolitan areas. Other abusers, such as high-pressure telemarket- eers, usually follow the coast lines. California and Florida, for "boiler room" operations in which phone service is used illegally to sell merchandise. However, fraud can't be totally attributed to any specific group at any particular time. MCI World: How can you keep up withh code abuse and fraud? Don't offenders change frequently? Bowens: Interestingly enough, the patterns don't change much. Those who commit fraud form a finite community that doesn't expand a great a great deal over time. Casual offenders, individuals who may take advantage of a "hot" toll free number, will use the number only when it's hot. Once the number no longer works, they'er not likely to repeat the offense. On the other hand, repeat offenders are dedicated to getting something for nothing. They're somewhat easier to identify because they commit the same offense over and over. MCI World: How does MCI know when it is the target of fradulent activity? Bowens: Our systems generally alert us, or an employee or a customer informs us. People know the MCI name. When they recognize something happening illegally with an authorization code, they'll get in touch with us. People generally feel that a cheat is a cheat, a crook is a crook, and if they have to pay full value for a phone call they see no reason why someone else shouldn't. There also ar professional tipsters who go from one company to another offering information for a price. However, we rarely deal with them. MCI World: Which MCI people, by the nature of their jobs, are most likely to detect or at least suspect, fraudulent activity? Bowens: Our switch technicians have been very instrumental indetecting abuse. They're in a position to identify extensive busy signals on circuits, abnormal calling patterns and code use. They've identified many hackers just by reviewing their daily call statistics. Employees in our billing department are also good at spotting unusually large bills and abnormal patterns. Though most fraud is detected by the systems we ahve in place, the human eye continues to be extermely helpful. MCI World: In addition to working with internal people to help detect fraudulent activity, you also rely on the expertise of external agencies. Which outside agencies assist you with investigations. Bowens: When fraudulent activity involves the theft or illicit use of authorizatin codes or credit calling cards, MCI and the Secret Service work together to investigate the case. If other activity is involved, such as the use of our service in furtherance of other crime, MCI works with the FBI. When the U.S. Postal Service is manipulated in a fraud case, MCI anb postal inspectors investigate together. Additionally, Bell operating companies often provide hard evidence in cases that MCI prosecutes. MCI World: When you are alerted to suspected fraudulent activiy, what steps do you take to open and pursue the case? Bowens: Security investigators contact the customer whose code is being abused, advise them of MCI's suspicions, and attempt to confirm them. If the response confirms their suspicion of fraud, they open the case. Normally, an investigation entails much research into toll records to identify abusers, unusual call patterns and the parties who might be involved in illicit activity. We also interview parties receiving the calls and document their statements. Once we collect sufficient evidence, we decide whether a case should be pursued as a criminal or civil action. MCI World: How long does it normally take MCI's investigators to "crack" a case? Bowens: Typically, investigators can crack a case within hours. identifying fraud suspects is the easy part. Amassing the evidence--dotting all of the legal i's and crossing the t's--is tougher. Gathering evidence may take weeks and large cases involving many parties can take months to solve. MCI World: With fraudulent activity knowing no geographical restricitons, how do you segment the problem divisionally? Bowens: The security investigations department acts primarily in an advisory capacity, helping investigators in the divisions with procedural matters. The divisons generally take responsibility for investigating fraudulent activity within their jurisdicitons and corporate investigators pursue cases that are large in scope or require specific expertise. Coporate also takes on cases invovling ofenders operating in more than one division. MCI World: Cna you elaborte on MIC's goals for reducing the level of fraudulent activity? Bowens: we want to reduce fraud to the lowest possible level. One of MCI's goals is to cut fraud by more than half in 1986. We want to be the industry leader in curbing this illegal activity. -------------------END-------------------------- Duh......which way did they go George, which way did they go?????? el. One of MCI's goals is to cut fraud by more than half in 1986. We want to be the industry leader in curbing this illegal activity. -------------------END-------------------------- Duh......which way did they go George A LOT OF YOU HAVE BEEN ASKING FOR PROGRAMS THAT WILL HACK OUT VARIOUS CODES,NUMBERS,PSWDS,ETC. OK-IVE COMPILED THE MOST POPULAR AND EFFICIENT HACKING PROGRAMS EVER ASSEMBLED!THESE INCLUDE SUCH INFAMOUS PROGRAMS AS THE OUTLAWED "TSPS" AND THE NOTORIOUS "JOSHUA". ALONG WITH THESE FAVORATES,INCLUDED ARE THE 600 CODE PER NIGHT HACKING PROGRAM BY THE PROFESSOR.ALSO,ALL THE OTHER UNDERGROUND HACKING PROGRAMS THAT HAVE EARNED THEIR FAME IN THE SPIRIT OF WARGAMES!!! TO ORDER "THE HACKER" SEND $100 TO- THE HACKER 1080 HAYS CUT-OFF ROAD CAVE JCT.OR.97523 NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG P.S. THIS COLLECTION OF HACKING PROGRAMS WILL DEFINATELY TAKE UP SEVERAL DISKS OF SPACE! THE BOOTLEGGER HAS A FOOLPROOF METHOD OF SAFELY TRADING DISKS WITHOUT BEING RIPPED OFF! SIMPLY SEND 10 OR MORE DISKS TO ME WITH $2 TO COVER POSTAGE,AND I WILL HOLD THEM UNTILL THE PERSON YOU ARE TRADING WITH ALSO SENDS THE DISKS YOU WANTED! WHEN BOTH PARCELS ARE RECEIVED-I'LL MAIL THEM OUT.IF ONLY ONE PARCEL IS RECEIVED- AFTER 2 WEEKS ILL MAIL IT BACK,OR FILL YOUR DISKS WITH NEW PROGRAMS! I RESERVE THE RIGHT TO COPY ANY PROGRAMS WHILE WAITING! HEE-HEE NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG P.S. AT LEAST ONE PARTY TO THE TRADE MUST BE A CURRENT SUBSCRIBER! ALSO-FILL BOTH SIDES OF YOUR DISKS. I'VE BEEN GETTING SOME OLD STUFF IN THE TRADE CLUB LATELY,SO WHAT IM DOING IS EXCHANGING OLD FOR OLD,NEW FOR NEW! (GET THE HINT?) IF YE FOLLOW THE TELCO TRADE MAGAZINES YOU WILL RECOGNIZE THAT THE CURRENT TREND IS TOWARD "ISDN" CAPABILITIES. ISDN STANDS FOR INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK.AT&T TIS MAKING ISDN AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY WITH THE 5E4 GENERIC OF THE 5ESS SWITCH. WHAT ISDN DOES IS TO PROVIDE VOICE/ DATA AND LAN CAPABILITIES EVERYWHERE WHILE INTERFACING WITH AT&T UNIVERSAL OPERATIONS SYSTEMS.(USO) FINE AND DANDY YE SAY-WE'VE BEEN USING VOICE/DATA FER YEARS NOW OVER BELL LINES WITH NO PROBLEM. BUT UNDER ISDN/USO ARE INTEGRATED SUCH NICETIES AS REMOTE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS THAT MONITOR AND MEASURE YOUR CALLS AT FIRST LEVEL! USO IS DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE BELL SYSTEM FROM MIS-USE WITH LAYERS OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS THAT CONTROL COSTS AND MONITOR CALLS FROM BEGINNING TO END! NOW THE BELL COMPANIES WILL ENTICE ITS CUSTOMERS WITH THE FACT ISDN CAN SEND VOICE/DATA/AND FASIMILE MESSAGES SIMULTANEOUSLY OVER A SINGLE LINE AND ALSO USO WILL GIVE CUSTOMERS GREATER CAPABILITIES WITH THEIR PHONES,THEY FAIL TO TELL YA BOUT YE ALLMIGHTY REASON FOR THEM BEIN SO-O-O NICE TO YOU,BUT ILL TELL YA!!!!!!!!!!!!! ITS CALLED-- BIT-MILE YEP-ALL THIS NICE SOFTWARE AND EQUIPMENT TIS DESIGNED TO ALSO MEASURE DATA USING A UNIT OF 1 MILE PER BIT CALLED THE BIT-MILE! THEY HOPE TO SLIDE THIS MONSTER THROUGH PUC AND PAST OUR NOSES BEFORE ANYONE CAN RECOGNIZE ITS IMPLICATIONS. SOON,A LARGE PERCENT OF COMMUNICATIONS WILL REPLACE VOICE AT TREMENDOUSLY EXPANDED BAUD RATES.(1.7 BILLION BITS PER SECOND ARE NOW BEING USED OVER FIBRE OPTICS LINES WHICH ARE FAST REPLACING OUR OLD CABLE PAIRS.DO YA THINK BELL WILL APPRECIATE 3 SECOND CALLS USING THOSE BAUD RATES??? NOT ON YOUR LIFE! THUS ENTER THE BIT-MILE UNIT DESIGNED TO CHARGE THE SHIT OUT OF YOU NO MATTER IF YOUR CALL TIS 3 SECONDS OR 3 HOURS, DEPENDING ON YOUR BAUD RATE! IF YA THOUGHT EQUAL ACCESS TIS BAD, WAIT TILL YE BIT-MILE IS IMPLEMENTED. OF COURSE IF ENOUGH PEOPLE BECAME AWARE OF BELLS PLAN,WE COULD EASILY STOP BIT-MILE MEASUREMENT BY COMPLAIN ING TO PUC AND OUR LEGISLATORS EARLY. STRIKE THE WAR MACHINE NUFF SAID- BOOTLEG P.S. ALCATEL CITCOM SYSTEMS,INC. ADVERTISES IN TELCO TRADE PUBLICA TIONS THAT IT HAS ALREADY DELIVERED 2,500,000,000,000 (2.5 TRILLION) BIT-MILES OF DIGITAL CIRCUITS UPDAT ING THE OLD FASIONED CIRCUIT MILE FOR LONG DISTANCE NETWORKS ALONE. THEY SAY THEY WON'T STOP UNTIL ALL OF AMERICA IS DIGITALIZED UNDER BIT-MILE CIRCUITRY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!