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- Network Working Group C. Allocchio
- Request for Comments: 2303 GARR-Italy
- Category: Standards Track March 1998
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-
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- Minimal PSTN address format in Internet Mail
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- IESG NOTE
-
- This memo describes a simple method of encoding PSTN addresses in the
- local-part of Internet email addresses, along with an extension
- mechanism to allow encoding of additional standard attributes needed
- for email gateways to PSTN-based services.
-
- As with all Internet mail addresses, the left-hand-side (local- part)
- of an address generated according to this specification, is not to be
- interpreted except by the MTA that is named on the right-hand-side
- (domain).
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- Since the very first e-mail to PSTN services gateway appeared, a
- number of different methods to specify a PSTN address as an e-mail
- address have been used by implementors. Two major objectives for this
- were
-
- - enable an e-mail user to access these services from his/her
- e-mail interface;
-
- - enable some kind of "PSTN over e-mail service" transport, to
- reduce the costs of PSTN long distance transmissions, and use the
- existing e-mail infrastructure.
-
-
-
-
- Allocchio Standards Track [Page 1]
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
-
-
- This memo describes the MINIMAL addressing method to encode PSTN
- addresses into e-mail addresses and the standard extension mechanism
- to allow definition of further standard elements. The opposite
- problem, i.e. to allow a traditional numeric-only PSTN device user to
- access the e-mail transport service, is not discussed here.
-
- All implementations supporting this PSTN over e-mail service MUST
- support as a minimum the specification described in this document.
- The generic complex case of converting the whole PSTN addressing into
- e-mail is out of scope in this minimal specification: there is some
- work in progress in the field, where also a number of standard
- optional extensions are being defined.
-
- In this document the formal definitions are described using ABNF
- syntax, as defined into [7]. We will also use some of the "CORE
- DEFINITIONS" defined in "APPENDIX A - CORE" of that document. The
- exact meaning of the capitalised words
-
- "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
- "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", "OPTIONAL"
-
- is defined in reference [6].
-
- 2. Minimal PSTN address
-
- The minimal specification of a PSTN address in e-mail address is as
- follows:
-
- pstn-address = pstn-mbox [ qualif-type1 ]
-
- pstn-mbox = service-selector "=" global-phone
-
- service-selector = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
- ; note that SP (space) is not allowed in
- ; service-selector.
- ; service-selector MUST be handled as a case
- ; INSENSITIVE string by implementations.
-
- Specifications adopting the "pstn-address" definition MUST define a
- unique case insensitive "service-selector" element to identify the
- specific messaging service involved.
-
- These specifications MUST also define which minimal "qualif-type1"
- extensions, if any, MUST be supported for the specified service.
-
- Implementations confirming to these minimal requirements
- specification are allowed to ingnore any other non-minimal extensions
- address element which can be present in the "pstn-address". However,
-
-
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- Allocchio Standards Track [Page 2]
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
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-
- conforming implementations MUST preserve all "qualif-type1" address
- elements they receive.
-
- The generic "qualif-type1" element is defined as:
-
- qualif-type1 = "/" keyword "=" string
-
- keyword = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
- ; note that SP (space) is not allowed in keyword
-
- string = PCHAR
- ; note that printable characters are %x20-7E
-
- As such, all "pstn-address" extensions elements MUST be defined in
- the "qualif-type1" form.
-
- 2.1 Minimal "global-phone" definition
-
- We now define the minimal supported syntax for global-phone:
-
- global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT , written-sep )
-
- written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
-
- The use of other dialling schemas for PSTN numbers (like private
- numbering plans or local dialling conventions) is also allowed.
- However, this does not preclude nor remove the minimal compulsory
- requirement to support the "global-phone" syntax as defined above.
-
- Any non "global-phone" dialling schema MUST NOT use the leading "+"
- between the "=" sign and the dialling string. The "+" sign is
- strictly reserved for the standard "global-phone" syntax.
-
- Note:
- The specification of these different dialling schemas is out of
- scope for this minimal specification.
-
- User specification of PSTN e-mail addresses will be facilitated if
- they can insert these separators between dial elements like digits
- etc. For this reason we allow them in the syntax the written-sep
- element.
-
- Implementors' note:
- Use of the written-sep elements is allowed, but not recommended.
- Any occurences of written-sep elements in a pstn-mbox MUST be
- ignored by all conformant implementations. User Agents SHOULD
- remove written-sep elements before submitting messages to the
- Message Transport System.
-
-
-
- Allocchio Standards Track [Page 3]
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
-
-
- 2.2 Some examples of a minimal "pstn-address"
-
- VOICE=+3940226338
-
- FAX=+12027653000/T33S=6377
-
- SMS=+33-1-88335215
-
- 3. The e-mail address of the I-pstn device: mta-I-pstn
-
- An "I-pstn device" has an e-mail address, or to be more exact, a name
- which enables a mail system to identify it on the e-mail global
- system.
-
- In Internet mail, this is the Right Hand Side (RHS) part of the
- address, i.e. the part on the right of the "@" sign. We will call
- this "mta-I-pstn"
-
- mta-I-pstn = domain
-
- For "domain" strings used in SMTP transmissions, the string MUST
- conform to the requirements of that standard's <domain>
- specifications [1], [3]. For "domain" strings used in message
- content headers, the string MUST conform to the requirements of the
- relevant standards [2], [3].
-
- Note: in both cases, the standards permit use of "domain names" or
- "domain literals" in addresses.
-
-
- 4. The pstn-email
-
- The complete structure used to transfer a minimal PSTN address over
- the Internet e-mail transport system is called "pstn-email". This
- object is a an e-mail address which conforms to RFC822 [2] and
- RFC1123 [3] "addr-spec" syntax, with some extra structure which
- allows the PSTN number to be identified.
-
- pstn-email = ["/"] pstn-address ["/"] "@" mta-I-pstn
-
- Implementors' note:
- The optional "/" characters can result from other mail transport
- services gateways, where it is also an optional element.
- Implementations MUST accept the optional slashes but SHOULD NOT
- generate them. Gateways are allowed to strip them off when
- converting to Internet mail addressing.
-
-
-
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- Allocchio Standards Track [Page 4]
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
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-
- It is essential to remind that "pstn-address" element MUST strictly
- follow the "quoting rules" spcified in the relevant standards [2],
- [3].
-
- 4.1 Multiple subaddresses
-
- In case a particular service requires multiple subaddresses (in any
- form defined by the specific standard specification for that
- service), and these subaddresses need to be given on the same "pstn-
- mbox", multiple "pstn-email" elements will be used.
-
- Implementors' note:
- The UA could accept multiple subaddress elements for the same
- global-phone, but it must generate multiple "pstn-mbox" elements
- when passing the message to the MTA.
-
- 4.2 Some examples of "pstn-email"
-
- VOICE=+3940226338@worldvoice.com
-
- FAX=+1.202.7653000/T33S=6377@faxserv.org
-
- /SMS=+33-1-88335215/@telecom.com
-
- 5. Conclusions
-
- This proposal creates a minimal standard encoding for PSTN addresses
- within the global e-mail transport system and defines the standard
- extension mechanism to be used to introduce specific new elements.
-
- The proposal requires no changes to existing e-mail software. Each
- specific PSTN service using this proposal MUST define its own
- "service-selector" specification and MUST define the eventual other
- "qualif-type1" elements to be supported for its minimal addressing
- specification. An example is in reference [13].
-
- 6. Security Considerations
-
- This document specifies a means by which PSTN addresses can be
- encoded into e-mail addresses. As routing of e-mail messages is
- determined by Domain Name System (DNS) information, a successful
- attack on this service could force the mail path via some particular
- gateway or message transfer agent where mail security can be affected
- by compromised software.
-
- There are several means by which an attacker might be able to deliver
- incorrect mail routing information to a client. These include: (a)
- compromise of a DNS server, (b) generating a counterfeit response to
-
-
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- Allocchio Standards Track [Page 5]
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
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- a client's DNS query, (c) returning incorrect "additional
- information" in response to an unrelated query. Clients SHOULD ensure
- that mail routing is based only on authoritative answers. Once DNS
- Security mechanisms [5] become more widely deployed, clients SHOULD
- employ those mechanisms to verify the authenticity and integrity of
- mail routing records.
-
- 7. Author's Address
-
- Claudio Allocchio
- Sincrotrone Trieste
- SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza
- I 34012 Trieste
- Italy
-
- RFC822: Claudio.Allocchio@elettra.trieste.it
- X.400: C=it;A=garr;P=Trieste;O=Elettra;
- S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
- Phone: +39 40 3758523
- Fax: +39 40 3758565
-
- 8. References
-
- [1] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC 821,
- August 1982.
-
- [2] Crocker, D., " Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text
- messages", STD 11, RFC 822, August 1982.
-
- [3] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet hosts - application and
- support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
-
- [4] Malamud, C. and M. Rose, "Principles of Operation for the
- TPC.INT Subdomain: Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures", RFC
- 1528, October 1993.
-
- [5] Eastlake, D. and C. Kaufman, "Domain Name System Security
- Extensions", RFC 2065, January 1997.
-
- [6] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
- Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.
-
- [7] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
- Specifications", RFC 2234, November 1997.
-
- [8] ITU F.401 - Message Handling Services: Naming and Addressing for
- Public Message Handling Service; recommendation F.401 (August
- 1992)
-
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- RFC 2303 Minimal PSTN in Internet Mail March 1998
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- [9] ITU F.423 - Message Handling Services: Intercommunication
- Between the Interpersonal Messaging Service and the Telefax
- Service; recommendation F.423 (August 1992)
-
- [10] ITU E.164 - Numbering plan for the ISDN era; recommendation
- E.164/I.331 (August 1991)
-
- [11] ITU T.33 - Facsimile routing utilizing the subaddress;
- recommendation T.33 (July, 1996)
-
- [12] ETSI I-ETS 300,380 - Universal Personal Telecommunication
- (UPT): Access Devices Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) sender
- for acoustical coupling to the microphone of a handset telephone
- (March 1995)
-
- [13] Allocchio, C., " Minimal FAX address format in Internet Mail",
- RFC 2304, March 1998.
-
- [14] Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping
- between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME", RFC 2156, January 1998.
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- 9. Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
-
- This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
- others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
- or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
- and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
- kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
- included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
- document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
- the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
- Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
- developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
- copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
- followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
- English.
-
- The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
- revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
-
- This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
- TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
- BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
- HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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