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- Network Working Group K. Murakami
- Request for Comments: 2175 M. Maruyama
- Category: Informational NTT Laboratories
- June 1997
-
-
- MAPOS 16 - Multiple Access Protocol over
- SONET/SDH with 16 Bit Addressing
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Authors' note
-
- This memo documents MAPOS 16, a multiple access protocol for
- transmission of network-protocol datagrams, encapsulated in HDLC
- frames with 16 bit addressing, over SONET/SDH. The primary
- difference with MAPOS version 1 is that it has 16 bit address field
- that offers significant wide address space. This document is NOT the
- product of an IETF working group nor is it a standards track
- document. It has not necessarily benefited from the widespread and
- in depth community review that standards track documents receive.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes the protocol MAPOS 16, Multiple Access
- Protocol over SONET/SDH with 16 Bit Addressing, for transmitting
- network-protocol datagrams over SONET/SDH. The primary difference
- with MAPOS version 1 is that it has 16 bit address field that offers
- significant wide address space. It first describes the major
- differences between MAPOS and MAPOS 16 briefly. Then, it explains the
- header format and its 16 bit address format.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- MAPOS is a multiple access protocol for transmission of High-level
- Datalink Control (HDLC) frames over the Synchronous Optical Network /
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SONET/SDH)[1][2][3][4]. It provides
- multiple access capability to SONET/SDH, an inherently point-to-point
- link.
-
- MAPOS version 1[5] focuses on the frame format compatibility with the
- conventional PPP[6], resulting with its narrow 8 bit address field.
- In contrast to MAPOS version 1, MAPOS 16 has a 16 bit address space.
-
-
-
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- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 1]
-
- RFC 2175 MAPOS 16 June 1997
-
-
- In this document, header format and its 16 bit format are described.
- It also explains that 16 bit addressing has minimal influence on the
- conventional MAPOS protocol family such as Node-Switch Protocol[7]
- and Switch-Switch Protocol[8].
-
- 2. MAPOS 16 Frame Format
-
- Like MAPOS version 1, MAPOS 16 framing is based on the HDLC-like
- framing used in PPP-over-SONET/SDH, described in RFC-1662[6].
- However, the address field is extended to 16 bits, and the control
- field in the MAPOS version 1 is omitted for maintain the 32bit
- alignment of the header.
-
- Figure 2 shows the MAPOS 16 frame format. Logical Link Control
- (LLC), and Sublayer/Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP) are not used.
- It does not include the bytes for transparency. The fields are
- transmitted from left to right.
-
-
- +----------+---------------------+----------+
- | | | |
- | Flag | Address | Protocol |
- | 01111110 | 16bits | 16 bits |
- +----------+---------------------+----------+
- +-------------+------------+----------+-----------
- | | | | Inter-frame
- | Information | FCS | Flag | fill or next
- | | 16/32 bits | 01111110 | address
- +-------------+------------+----------+------------
-
- Figure 2. Frame format
-
- Flag Sequence
-
- Flag sequence is used for frame synchronization. Each frame begins
- and ends with a flag sequence 01111110 (0x7E). If a frame
- immediately follows another, one flag sequence may be treated as
- the end of the preceding frame and the beginning of the immediately
- following frame. When the line is idle, the flag sequence is to be
- transmitted continuously on the line.
-
- Address
-
- The address field contains the destination HDLC address. A frame
- is forwarded by a switch based on this field. It is 16 bits wide.
- The LSB of the first byte indicates the continuation of this field,
- and must always be 0. The LSB of the second byte indicates the end
- of this field, and must always be 1. The MSB of the first byte is
-
-
-
- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 2]
-
- RFC 2175 MAPOS 16 June 1997
-
-
- used to indicate if the frame is a unicast or multicast frame. The
- MSB of 0 means unicast, with the remaining thirteen bits indicating
- the destination node address including two E/A bits. MSB of 1 means
- multicast, with the remaining thirteen bits indicating the group
- address. The address 0xFEFF means that the frame is a broadcast
- frame. The address (0x0001) is reserved to identify the control
- processor inside a switch. Frames with an invalid address should
- be silently discarded.
-
- +-------------+-+-------------+-+
- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- | | node addr |0| node addr |1|
- +-+-----------+-+-------------+-+
- ^ ^ ^
- | | |
- | | +------- EA bit (always 1)
- | +------- EA bit (always 0)
- 1 : broadcast, multicast
- 0 : unicast
-
- Figure 3 Address format
-
-
-
- Protocol
-
- The protocol field indicates the protocol to which the datagram
- encapsulated in the information field belongs. It conforms to the
- ISO 3309 extension mechanism, and the value for this field may be
- obtained from the most recent ``Assigned Numbers'' [9] and ``MAPOS
- Version 1 Assigned Numbers'' [10].
-
- Information
-
- The information field contains the datagram for the protocol
- specified in the protocol field. The length of this field may
- vary, but shall not exceed 65,280 (64K - 256) octets.
-
- Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
-
- By default, the frame check sequence (FCS) field is 16-bits long.
- Optionally, 32 bit FCS may be used instead. The FCS is calculated
- over all bits of the address, protocol, and information fields
- prior to escape conversions. The least significant octet of the
- result is transmitted first as it contains the coefficient of the
- highest term.
-
-
-
-
-
- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 3]
-
- RFC 2175 MAPOS 16 June 1997
-
-
- Inter-frame fill
-
- A sending station must continuously transmit the flag sequence as
- inter-frame fill after the FCS field. The inter-frame flag
- sequences must be silently discarded by the receiving station.
- When an under-run occurs during DMA in the sending station, it must
- abort the frame transfer and continuously send the flag sequence to
- indicate the error.
-
- 3.2 Octet-Synchronous Framing
-
- MAPOS 16 uses the same octet stuffing procedure[6] as MAPOS version
- 1[5]. Since SONET/SDH provides transparency, Async-Control-
- Character-Map (ACCM) is not used. HDLC frames are mapped into the
- SONET/SDH payload as follows.
-
- Each HDLC frame is separated from another frame by one or more flag
- sequence, 01111110 (0x7E). An escape sequence is defined to escape
- the flag sequence and itself. Prior to sending the frame, but after
- the FCS computation, every occurrence of 01111110 (0x7E) other than
- the flags is to be converted to the sequence 01111101 01011110 (0x7D
- 0x5E), and the sequence 01111101 (0x7D) is to be converted to the
- sequence 01111101 01011101 (0x7D 0x5D). Upon receiving a frame, this
- conversion must be reversed prior to FCS computation.
-
- 4. Influence on MAPOS ARP, UNARP, NSP, and SSP
-
- Since all of the MAPOS protocol family, ARP[11], UNARP[11], NSP[7],
- and SSP[8], use 32-bit address field for 8-bit MAPOS address, the
- 16-bit addressing has no influence on them. Each protocol only have
- to place a 16 bit address in the least significant place in their 32
- bit address fields as follows;
-
- (1) MAPOS ARP and UNARP
- 16-bit addresses are placed in the least significant places of the
- 32-bit sender and target HDLC addresses.
-
- (2) NSP
- In address assignment packet, a 16-bit address is placed in the
- least significant bytes of the 32-bit address field. The rest of the
- field is padded with zeros.
-
- (3) SSP
- In route entry of an SSP packet, the 16-bit MAPOS address is placed
- in the least significant bytes of the 32-bit address field.
-
-
-
-
-
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- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 4]
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- RFC 2175 MAPOS 16 June 1997
-
-
- 5. Mapping IP Multicast Address to MAPOS 16 Address
-
- When transmitting IP multicast[11], the thirteen bits of the HDLC
- address must contain the lowest-order thirteen bits of the IP
- multicast group address. Exceptions arise when these thirteen bits
- are either all zeros or all ones, in which case the address 1111 1110
- 1111 1101 should be used.
-
- 6. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- References
-
- [1] CCITT Recommendation G.707: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Bit
- Rates (1990).
-
- [2] CCITT Recommendation G.708: Network Node Interface for
- Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (1990).
-
- [3] CCITT Recommendation G.709: Synchronous Multiplexing Structure
- (1990).
-
- [4] American National Standard for Telecommunications - Digital
- Hierarchy - Optical Interface Rates and Formats Specification,
- ANSI T1.105-1991.
-
- [5] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, " MAPOS - Multiple Access Protocol
- over SONET/SDH version 1", RFC2171, June, 1997.
-
- [6] Simpson, W., editor, "PPP in HDLC-like Framing," RFC1662, July
- 1994.
-
- [7] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, "A MAPOS version 1 Extension -
- Node Switch Protocol," RFC2173, June, 1997.
-
- [8] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, "A MAPOS version 1 Extension -
- Switch Switch Protocol," RFC2174, June, 1997.
-
- [9] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "ASSIGNED NUMBERS," RFC1700, Oct.
- 1994.
-
- [10] Maruyama, M. and K. Murakami, "MAPOS Version 1 Assigned
- Numbers," RFC2172, June, 1997.
-
- [11] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, "IPv4 over MAPOS Version 1,"
- RFC2176, June, 1997.
-
-
-
-
- Murakami & Maruyama Informational [Page 5]
-
- RFC 2175 MAPOS 16 June 1997
-
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions and
- thoughtful suggestions of John P. Mullaney, Clark Bremer, Masayuki
- Kobayashi, Paul Francis, Toshiaki Yoshida, and Takahiro Sajima.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Ken Murakami
- NTT Software Laboratories
- 3-9-11, Midori-cho
- Musashino-shi
- Tokyo-180, Japan
- E-mail: murakami@ntt-20.ecl.net
-
- Mitsuru Maruyama
- NTT Software Laboratories
- 3-9-11, Midori-cho
- Musashino-shi
- Tokyo-180, Japan
- E-mail: mitsuru@ntt-20.ecl.net
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