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- Network Working Group K. Schneider
- Request for Comments: 1976 S. Venters
- Category: Informational ADTRAN, Inc.
- August 1996
-
-
- PPP for Data Compression in Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE)
-
- Status of This Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
- does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
- this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for
- transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP
- defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and proposes a family of
- Network Control Protocols for establishing and configuring different
- network-layer protocols.
-
- The PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (PPP-SDTP) [2] provides a
- standard method for encapsulating and transporting serial data over a
- PPP link. The PPP Compression Control Protocol [3] provides a
- standard method for selecting and using a compression protocol to
- provide for data compression on a PPP link.
-
- This document defines a specific set of parameters for these
- protocols and an LCP extension to define a standard way of using PPP
- for data compression of serial data in Data Circuit-Terminating
- Equipment (DCE).
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction .......................................... 2
- 1.1 Specification of Requirements ................... 2
- 1.2 Terminology ..................................... 3
- 2. Modes of Operation .................................... 3
- 3. PPP Link Control Protocol Extension ................... 4
- 4. Required PPP Elements ................................. 4
- 4.1 Required Configuration Options and Parameters ... 5
- 5. Mode-1 Requirements ................................... 6
- 5.1 Detailed Mode-1 Example ......................... 7
- 6. Initial Handshake Operation ........................... 8
- 7. Security .............................................. 9
- 8. References ............................................ 9
- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 9
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- AUTHORS' ADDRESSES ........................................... 10
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- This document is a product of the TR30.1 ad hoc committee on
- compression of synchronous data. It represents a component of a
- proposal to use PPP to provide compression of synchronous serial data
- in DSU/CSUs.
-
- PPP [1] has three main components:
-
- 1. A method for encapsulating multi-protocol datagrams.
-
- 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring,
- and testing the data-link connection.
-
- 3. A family of Network Control Protocols for establishing and
- configuring different network-layer protocols.
-
- In addition to providing support for multi-protocol datagrams, the
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] has defined an effective and robust
- negotiating mechanism that can be used on point to point links. When
- used in conjunction with the PPP Compression Control Protocol [3] and
- one of the PPP Compression Protocols [4], PPP provides an
- interoperable method of employing data compression on a point-to-
- point link.
-
- The PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (PPP-SDTP) and the PPP Serial
- Data Control Protocol (PPP-SDCP) [2] have been developed to allow
- serial data to be carried within a PPP packet. PPP-SDTP uses a
- terminal adaption header based on that of ITU-T Recommendation V.120
- [5].
-
- 1.1. Specification of Requirements
-
- In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
- of the specification. These words are often capitalized.
-
- MUST This word, or the adjective "required", means that the
- definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
-
- MUST NOT This phrase means that the definition is an absolute
- prohibition of the specification.
-
- SHOULD This word, or the adjective "recommended", means that there
- may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to
- ignore this item, but the full implications must be
- understood and carefully weighed before choosing a
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 2]
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- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- different course.
-
- MAY This word, or the adjective "optional", means that this
- item is one of an allowed set of alternatives. An
- implementation which does not include this option MUST be
- prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
- does include the option.
-
- 1.2. Terminology
-
- This document frequently uses the following terms:
-
- datagram The unit of transmission in the network layer (such as IP).
- A datagram may be encapsulated in one or more packets
- passed to the data link layer.
-
- frame The unit of transmission at the data link layer. A frame
- may include a header and/or a trailer, along with some
- number of units of data.
-
- packet The basic unit of encapsulation, which is passed across the
- interface between the network layer and the data link
- layer. A packet is usually mapped to a frame; the
- exceptions are when data link layer fragmentation is being
- performed, or when multiple packets are incorporated into a
- single frame.
-
- peer The other end of the point-to-point link.
-
- silently discard
- This means the implementation discards the packet without
- further processing. The implementation SHOULD provide the
- capability of logging the error, including the contents of
- the silently discarded packet, and SHOULD record the event
- in a statistics counter.
-
- 2. Modes of Operation
-
- This document provides for three modes of operation for DCE devices:
- Mode-0 represents transparent operation; Mode-1 a simplified,
- predefined compression format; and Mode-2, a full PPP implementation
- providing compression of serial data.
-
- Mode-0 represents the operating mode of currently deployed DCEs that
- operate in transparent mode, without any DCE-to-DCE protocols.
- Mode-1 devices implement data compression upon detecting an initial
- handshake, which is implemented via an newly defined LCP
- Configuration Option called the DCE-Identifier. The DCE-Identifier
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- is used both to distinguish DCE devices from PPP bridges and routers,
- and to all Mode-1 and Mode-2 DCE devices to interoperate, via its
- Mode parameter. In Mode-1, the parameters of operation are not
- negotiable. Mode-2 devices implement the full LCP state machine and
- are therefore capable of negotiating alternatives to the default set
- of paramaters and options. Mode-2 devices must also support Mode-1
- operation, and fall-back to such operation when connected to a Mode-1
- device. The mechanism of the Mode-1/Mode-2 handshake is given in
- Section 7.
-
- 3. PPP Link Control Protocol Extension
-
- The use of PPP in Compression DCE requires the use of an additional
- LCP Configuration Option:
-
- 25 DCE-Identifier
-
-
- DCE-Identifier
-
- The presence of this option indicates that the system sending it
- is Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE) that desires to
- establish a serial data compression link.
-
- 0 1 2
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Mode |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
- Type
-
- 25
-
- Length
-
- 3
-
- Mode
-
- 1 Mode-1 (No Additional Negotiation)
- 2 Mode-2 (Full PPP Negotiation and State Machine)
-
- 4. Required PPP Elements
-
- Unlike PPP's native bridge/router environment, the minimum
- requirement for use of PPP in DCE equipment is not simply
- interoperability, but rather interoperability with effective data
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- compression. With this in mind, it is desirable to specify a minimum
- PPP feature set, that is somewhat different than that of a normal PPP
- bridge/router requirement.
-
- This different feature set includes: support for compression, support
- of a single default compression algorithm, support of Protocol-Field
- compression, support of Address-and-Control-Field-Compression,
- support of PPP-SDTP, etc.
-
- The minimum feature set includes the following protocols:
-
- PPP Link Control Protocol (Mode-1 must include a subset) [1]
- PPP in HDLC-like Framing [6]
- PPP Compression Control Protocol (Mode-2 only) [3]
- PPP LZS-DCP Compression Protocol [4]
- PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol [2]
- PPP Serial Data Control Protocol (Mode-2 only) [2]
-
- The Stacker-LZS algorithm from Stac Electronics was chosen as the
- default compression algorithm for DCE devices. This decision was
- made by the TR30.1 ad hoc based on licensing issues (agreeing to
- non-discriminatory and reasonable terms), compression ratios, its
- efficient use of processor and memory resources, and speed
- scalability. A compression protocol incorporating in-band
- synchronization signaling was defined for the Stacker algorithm and
- selected for the default compression protocol. This protocol is
- known as the PPP LZS-DCP Compression Protocol [4]. Although the PPP
- LZS-DCP Compression Protocol specifies a number of formats and
- history management options, only the default format with a single
- history must be implemented.
-
- 4.1. Required Configuration Options and Parameters
-
- To ensure that implementations are able to interoperate with
- effective data compression, a required set of Configuration Options
- are specified. These Options are assumed in Mode-1, and are
- negotiated in Mode-2, using the standard PPP negotiation state
- machine. (Mode-1 uses a fixed packet format with a predetermined set
- of values for LCP, LZS-DCP, and SDTP Configuration
- Options/parameters. The required values listed in this section are
- the predefined values.)
-
- The following LCP Configuration Options [7] MUST be supported:
-
- Maximum-Receive-Unit 1550
- Address/Control-Field-Compression Yes
- Protocol-Field-Compression Yes
-
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- The following CCP Configuration Option MUST be supported:
-
- Compression-Type 23 (LZS-DCP)
-
- The following default LZS-DCP Configuration Options MUST be
- supported:
-
- Check-Mode 3 (sequence + LCB)
- History-Count 1 (single history)
- Process-Mode 0 (None)
-
- The default SDTP/SDCP Configuration Options MUST be supported. They
- are:
-
- Packet-Format: Header-Last
- Header-Type: H-Only
- Multiple-Packets: Off
- Multi-Port: Off
- Transport-Mode: HDLC-Synchronous
- Maximum-Frame-Size: 10,000 bytes
- Allow-Odd-Frames: Off
- FCS-Type: Transparent-Transport
- Flow-Expiration-Time: 100
-
- 5. Mode-1 Requirements
-
- DSUs that use only Mode-1 (non-negotiate mode) use only a
- predetermined set of PPP packets. In addition to a fixed data packet
- format, two fixed formats are used to differentiate between Mode-1
- devices and Mode-0 (transparent) devices. Mode-1 devices are
- designed to operate using compression if a peer has the same
- capability, or revert to transparent operation (Mode-0) if the peer
- does not support standard compression.
-
- Mode-1 devices use LZS-DCP Compression Packets as specified in [4].
- These packets include the capabilities of DCP: Reset-Request and
- Acknowledge, Compressed/Transparent, etc. Since the packets include
- signalling, these packets can be sent with an empty data field to
- signal a reset request if no data packets are ready for piggy-backed
- signalling.
-
- Exactly one LZS-DCP packet is encapsulated in the PPP Information
- field, where the PPP Protocol field indicates type 00FD (Compression
- Protocol). Exactly one SDTP packet is transported by each LZS-DCP
- data packet.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 6]
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- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- Operation in Mode-1 implies a set of predetermined values for LCP,
- LZS-DCP, and SDTP configuration options and parameters, using the
- values listed in the preceding section.
-
- The following PPP packets are permitted and recognized:
-
- LCP Configure-Request with DCE Mode-1 Configuration Option
- LCP Configure-Ack with DCE Mode-1 Configuration Option
- LZS-DCP Packet with the data field containing an SDTP packet
- LZS-DCP Packet with an empty data field
-
- Protocol-Field-Compression and Address-and-Control-Field-Compression
- is used on all packets except the handshake packets (LCP packets).
-
- Any Mode-1 or Mode-2 DCE that receives a Mode-1 request MUST
- Acknowledge the request.
-
- 5.1. Detailed Mode-1 Example
-
- Detailed Example when using Mode-1 on a point-to-point leased or
- circuit switched link (using PPP in HDLC-like Framing [6]) (data
- shown is after flags and inserted 0s are removed; lower case letters
- and numbers represent actual values, uppercase represent data fields
- whose values may vary from packet to packet; parentheses surrounding
- a field indicate that the field may not be present in all packets of
- that type):
-
- LCP Configure-Request:
- Config. Opt.
- Addr. Ctl. PID Code ID Length Type Lngth Mode
- +----+----+-------+----+----+-------+----+----+----+-----+
- | ff | 03 | c0 21 | 01 | 00 | 00 07 | 21 | 03 | 01 | FCS |
- +----+----+-------+----+----+-------+----+----+----+-----+
-
- LCP Configure-Ack:
-
- Config. Opt.
- Addr. Ctl. PID Code ID Length Type Lngth Mode
- +----+----+-------+----+----+-------+----+----+----+-----+
- | ff | 03 | c0 21 | 02 | 00 | 00 07 | 21 | 03 | 01 | FCS |
- +----+----+-------+----+----+-------+----+----+----+-----+
-
- LZS-DCP Packet:
-
- PID DCP
- +----+----+------+------ -+-------+-----+
- | fd | HD | (SQ) | (DATA) | (LCB) | FCS |
- +----+----+------+--------+-------+-----+
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 7]
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- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- The DATA field contains a compressed or uncompressed SDTP-PDU.
- The LCB field is only present on a packet containing compressed
- data. The Sequence Number and Data fields are only present on
- packets that contain data.
-
- +----+------+----+
- SDTP-PDU: | 49 | DATA | HD |
- +----+------+----+
-
- 6. Initial Handshake Operation
-
- When a unit is powered up, or when the lower layer signals that the
- peer has gone out of service and returned, the handshake procedure is
- initiated. The handshake procedure for Mode-1 and Mode-2 devices is
- described below.
-
- Mode-1:
-
- When starting Mode-1, each DCE sends out an LCP Configure-Request
- packet containing only the DCE-Identifier LCP Configuration Option
- described in Section 3, with the with the Mode Field set to a
- value of 1. When a DCE device receives such a packet, it must
- answer with an LCP Configure-Ack packet. In each of these
- packets, the identifier field is set to 0. If the originator of
- the Configure-Request packet does not receive a Configure-Ack
- response within a user configurable time T1, the unit MUST revert
- to transparent (Mode-0) operation.
-
- Mode-2:
-
- A Mode-2 device will first try to operate in Mode-2 by starting
- PPP normally, following the state machine described in [1]. The
- LCP Configure-Request MUST include the DCE-Identifier
- Configuration Option with the Mode Field set to 2. If the unit
- receives a Configure-Reject Packet Containing the DCE-Identifier,
- the unit MUST revert immediately to transparent (Mode-0)
- operation. If the LCP state machine times out because a response
- was not received in user configurable time T2, or if a Mode-1
- Configuration-Request packet is received, the unit attempts to
- operate in Mode-1 by following the procedure listed above,
- ultimately reverting to Mode-0 operation if the Mode-1 procedure
- times out.
-
- In either case, the unit is not prohibited from sending multiple
- Configuration-Request packets before the applicable timer (T1, T2)
- expires. A unit may also initiate the handshake procedure at any
- time.
-
-
-
-
- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 8]
-
- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
-
-
- 7. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- 8. References
-
- [1] Simpson, W., ed., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD
- 51, RFC 1661, July 1994.
-
- [2] Schneider, K., and S. Venters, "PPP Serial Data Transport
- Protocol (PPP-SDTP)", RFC 1963, August 1996.
-
- [3] Rand, D., "The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP)", RFC
- 1962, June 1996.
-
- [4] Lutz, R., "PPP LZS-DCP Compression Protocol", RFC 1967
- August 1996.
-
- [5] CCITT Recommendation V.120, "Support by an ISDN of Data
- Terminal Equipment with V-Series Type Interfaces with
- Provision for Statistical Multiplexing (revised 1992)", ITU-T,
- 1993.
-
- [6] Simpson, W., "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", STD 51, RFC 1662,
- January 1994.
-
- [7] Simpson, W., "PPP LCP Extensions", RFC 1570, January 1994.
-
- Chair's Address
-
- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
-
- Karl Fox
- Ascend Communications
- 3518 Riverside Drive, Suite 101
- Columbus, Ohio 43221
-
- EMail: karl@ascend.com
-
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- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 9]
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- RFC 1976 PPP DCE August 1996
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- Authors' Addresses
-
- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
-
- Kevin Schneider
- Adtran, Inc.
- 901 Explorer Blvd.
- Huntsville, AL 35806-2807
-
- Phone: (205) 971-8000
- EMail: kevin@adtran.com
-
-
- Stuart Venters
- Adtran, Inc.
- 901 Explorer Blvd.
- Huntsville, AL 35806-2807
-
- Phone: (205) 971-8000
- EMail: sventers@adtran.com
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- Schneider & Venters Informational [Page 10]
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