HaCKeRz KrOnIcKLeZ 3/HaCKeRz_KrOnIcKLeZ.iso/drugs/refs

Text File | 1996-05-06 | 14KB | 327 lines

Newsgroups: alt.drugs,talk.politics.drugs
From: [e-mail] (Lamont Granquist)
Subject: References List
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: Fri, 12 Nov 93 06:42:29 GMT

A little something i'm working on:

Comments, suggestions?

COSTS OF THE WAR ON DRUGS

  Cost of the Criminal Justice system

    "Federal Courts are Casualties in the War on Drugs."  LA Times, Oct
    25, 1993.

      297% increase in drug cases in the past decade -- 8,294 additional
    drug trials.  Two senior justices from NY will no longer hear drug
    cases.  143% prison overcrowding.

ECONOMICS OF THE WAR ON DRUGS

  Price Inelastic Drug Demand

    Becker-GS, et al. "Rational Addiction and the Effect of Price on
    Consumption."  American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings.
    May 1991.  81(2):237-241.

    Miron-JA, Zwiebel-J.  "Alcohol Consumption During Prohibition"  American
    Economic Association Papers and Proceedings.  May 1991.  81(2):242-247

PSYCHOLOGY OF DRUG USE

    Shedler-J, Block-J, "Adolescent drug use and psychological health.  A
    longitudinal inquiry."  American Psychology.  1990 May.  45(5):612-630.

      Finds that adolescents who engaged in some drug experimenation were
    better adjusted than both abstainers (who were emotionally constricted)
    and frequent users (who were maladjusted).  Also that psychological
    differences between the groups could be traced to the earliest years of
    childhood.  This indicates that problem drug use is a symptom and not
    a cause of personal and social maladjustment, and that current efforts
    at drug prevention are misguided in not focusing on the psychological
    syndrome underlying drug abuse.

    Hogan-R, Conway-J, et al. "Personality correlates of undergraduate
    marijuana use".  J. Consult. and Clinical Psychology. 1970. 35:58-63.

    Cunningham-WH, et al. "Sociopsychological Characteristics of
    Undergraduate Marijuana Users."  Journal of Genetic Psychology. 1974.
    125:3-12.

CANNABIS (POT, MARIJUANA, ET AL.)

  Carcinogenicity

    Hoffman, Rathkamp, Wynder, El. Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
    31(3):627-635. 1963.

      efficiency of water pipes at filtering 91% of tobacco smoke tar.

  Medical Overview

    National Academy of Sciences (U.S.).  Institute of Medicine.  Division of
    Health Sciences Policy.  _Marijuana_and_Health_.  Washington:  National
    Academy Press.  ISBN 0-309-03236-9.  LC 81-86534.

      Comprehensive review of all medical evidence on marijuana prior to 1982.
    addresses issues such as brain damage, immune damage, etc and finds no
    supporting evidence.

  Potency

    Mikuriya-T-H, Aldrich-M-R, "Cannabis 1988. Old drug, new dangers. The
    potency question." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.  20(1):47-55.  1988

      addresses the potency question, such as that MJ has increased in
    potency 10 times since the sixties and that all research to date has
    been done on 1 or 2% THC pot.  finds no evidence to back up these
    assertions.

LSD (Acid, d-lysergic acid diethylamide)

  Mutagenicity (Chromosome Damage)

    Dishotsky-N-I, Loughman-W-D, Mogar-R-E, Lipscomb-W-R, "LSD and Genetic
    Damage - Is LSD chromosome damaging, carcinogenic, mutagenic or
    teratogenic?"  Science.  172(3982):431-440.  30 April 1972

      review of 68 studies published between 1967-1972 concluding that LSD
    is not chromosome damaging, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic.

2C-B (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenthylamine)

  Synthesis

    "Melanin and its precursors, Part VI" JCS 1953 pg 200.

      Incorrectly cited as a synthesis of 2C-B in pg 44-45 of "Recrational
    Drugs" by Professor Buzz and pg 77 in "Psychedelic Chemistry" (2nd ed)
    by Michael Valentine Smith.  Is actually a synthesis of 2-bromo-4,5-
    dimethoxyphenethylamine (6-Br-DMPEA) -- see PiHKAL #20 (or PiHKAL #124
    for the amphetamine ORTHO-DOB).

METHCATHINONE ('Cat')

  Synthesis


KHAT

  Economy + Sociology

    Randall-T.  "Khat Abuse Fuels Somali Conflict, Drains Economy" JAMA
    1993 Jan 6.  269(1):12,15.

      Claims that Khat in Somalia is primarily an import trade.

DEXTROMETHORPHAN

  Adverse Reactions

    Walker-J, Yatham-L-N. "Benylin (dextromethorphan) abuse and mania."
    BMJ.  1993 Apr 3.  306(6882):896

    Craig-D-F.  "Psychosis with Vicks Formula 44-D abuse"  Can-Med-Assoc-J
    1992 Apr 1.  146(7):1199-1200.

    Schadel-M, Sellers-E-M. "Psychosis with Vicks Formula 44-D abuse"
    Can-Med-Assoc-J.  1992 Sep 15.  147(6):843-4.

  Medical Overview

    Bem-J-L, Peck-R.  "Dextromethorphan.  An overview of safety issues."
    Drug-Saf.  1992 May-Jun.  7(3):190-199
      48 references.

  Neuropharmacology


NATURAL SOURCES OF SUBSTANCES

  Tryptamines

    Arthur, H.R., Loo, S.N. & Lamberton, J.A., 1967. "Nb-methylated tryptamines
    and other constituents of Acacia confusia Merr. of Hong Kong."  Aust. J.
    Chem. 20, 811.

    Fitzgerald, J.S. & Sioumis, A.A., 1965. "Alkaloids of Australian
    Leguminosae V."  Aust. J. Chem. 18, 433.

    Rovelli, B. & Vaughan, G.N., 1967. "Alkaloids of Acacia I."  Aust. J. Chem.
    20, 1299.

    Smith, T.A., 1977. "Review: Tryptamine and Related Compounds in Plants."
    Phytochemistry v16, 171-175.

=============================================================================

From: [e-mail] (Lamont Granquist)
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
Subject: References and Shit (high SNR)
Date: 23 Jun 1994 10:19:54 GMT
Message-ID: <2ubnka$[e-mail]>

First:

IF WHOEVER HAS THE MARCH ISSUE OF PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS CHECKED OUT AT THE
U OF W HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARY WOULD RETURN IT I WOULD MOST APPRECIATE IT
(and you probably could have just xeroxed the entire thing at kinko's
 for all the library fines you've racked up...)

Onwards:

(MDMA + Depression, MDMA Neurotoxicity, PCP synthesis, Etryptamine
 fatalities, and LSD psychoses)

Riedlinger-TJ, Riedlinger-JE, "Psychedelic and Entactogenic Drugs in
the Treatment of Depression."  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs.  26(1):41-55.
Jan-Mar 1994.

  Covers the use of MDMA ("Ecstasy") in treating depression.  Reviews an
  awful lot of stuff, and i haven't read it all yet -- looks good, though...

  "The value of MDMA is that it does not make its users feel better
  by transporting them into a naive state of bliss.  They are not unaware
  of the fact that their lives have been burdened by negative thinking
  based on fears and anxieties.  But MDMA seems to give them a different
  perspective for seeral hours by reducing their 'defensiveness and fear
  of emotional injury.'  It stimulates a _process_ by which they are able
  to look at their problems more objectively and thus transcend a feeling
  of hopeless entrapment.  Concurrently they feel more in touch with their
  positive emotions.  The drug gives them both the courage to confront their
  emotional problems and the strength to communicate constructively.
  Numerous examples of this process are described in Adamson's book.  One
  is the account of a 39-year-old woman who had been going through a
  period of guilt, self-doubt, and regret in regard to decisions she had
  made in the course of her life and her behavior in many relationships.
  After taking MDMA she reported: 'I now understand more clearly how i
  close myself up.  I am grateful that i now know _experientially_ that
  there is so much more to me, and to life, than I perceive on a daily
  basis."  Similar stories are told by many others.

O'Callighan-JP, Miller-DB, "Quantification of Reactive Gliosis as an
Approach to Neurotoxicity Assessment."  in NIDA Monograph #136, _Assessing
Neurotoxicity of Drugs of Abuse_.  1993.

  This study uses a Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protien (GFAP) assay to measure
  the neurotoxicity of various drugs of abuse.  Included in the study
  were amphetamines, MPTP and MDMA.  The results were good an in agreement
  in the assays of amphetamines and MPTP.  The results on MDMA, however,
  did not indicate neurotoxicity at levels where 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels
  were depressed.  Levels of 30mg/kg twice daily for 7 days in the long-
  evan rat were used, and it was found that "these data indicate that an
  MDMA dose sufficient to produce a large and long-lasting decrease in
  5-HT was not sufficient to induce an astrocyte reaction characteristic
  of neuronal injury."  Only at levels of 75 to 150 mg/kg twice daily for
  2 days were sufficient to produce an increase in GFAP.  These results
  may indicate that MDMA is not as neurotoxic as was presumed and that
  changes in 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels may indicate 5-HT neuroplasticity or
  other morphological changes rather than direct 5-HT axonal neurotoxicity.
  Unfortunately, the commentary on this paper was not recorded due to
  technical difficulties, and i therefore i have no idea about how
  accepted this paper is, or what its weaknesses are...

Allen-AC, Robles-J, Dovenski-W, Calderon-S, "PCP:  A review of synthetic
methods for forensic clandestine investigation." Forensic Science
International.  61:85-100.  1993.

  Review of the literature on the synthesis of PCP.  Includes a real-life
  case of a clandestine synthesis of PCP.  Interesting note:  why is the
  question "How much knowledge of chemistry did the clandestine chemist
  possess?" common?  does this have any weight on the sentencing?  The
  routes which have been encountered in clandestine chemistry labs are
  the ones from cyclohexanone with either a primary or secondary
  amine.  Most syntheses encountered in clandestine labs in the past ten
  years have been of reacting cyclohexanone with a secondary amine.  This
  paper also mentions some synthetic routes to Ketamine.

Morano-RA, Spies-C, Walker-FB, Plank-SM, "Fatal Intoxication Involving
Etryptamine."  Journal of Forensic Sciences.  38(3):721-725.  May 1993.

  Describes a case of a 19-year old female consuming two "hits" of
  what was supposed to be "Ecstasy."  Etryptamine is ethyl-tryptamine
  or 3-(2-aminobutyl)-indole.  It is a MAOI which does not inhibit
  tryptophan hydroxylase.

Strassman-R, "Adverse Reactions to Psychedelic Drugs:  A Review of the
Literature."  Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.  172(10):577-595.
1984.

  Bit out of date, but comprehensive.  Covers references to the famous
  murder cases, suicides, and people going blind.  Mostly focused on
  LSD precipitating psychotic episodes, and other psychological
  sequalae to LSD use.

  "The multiplicity of symptoms and syndromes described in the 'adverse
  reaction' literature should make it clear that LSD can cause a number
  of reactions that can last for any amount of time--from minutes to
  possibly years.  I believe that what is being studied here is the
  question of the potential role of LSD in _accelerating_ or
  _precipitating_ the onset of an illness that was "programmed" to develop
  ultimately in a particular individual--in a manner comparable to the
  major physical or emotional stress that often precipitates a bona
  fide myocardial infarction in an individual with advanced coronary
  atherrosclerosis.  The stress did not _cause_ the heart disease; it was
  only the stimulus that accelerated the inexorable prpocess to
  manifest illness."

  he also remarks that short-lived paranoid reactions to LSD were
  in a group which were found to be: "more anxious, manipulative,
  hostile with conflicts about aggression, depressed and self-punitive;
  to feel physically impaired, prone to a though-disorder and confused
  in their identities; and likely to use projection as a defense."
  Although he did note that seriously psychologically unhealthy persons
  can use LSD with no bad reaction, and there is the occasional bad reaction
  in the person with no unusual prior psychological problems.

--
Lamont Granquist ([e-mail])
"And then the alien anthropologists - Admitted they were still perplexed - But
on eliminating every other reason - For our sad demise - They logged the only
explanation left - This species has amused itself to death" -- Roger Waters

=============================================================================

Newsgroups: alt.psychoactives,alt.drugs
From: [e-mail] (matthew john baggott)
Subject: Recent articles of interest
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: Tue, 19 Jul 1994 03:48:54 GMT

"Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and
caffeine in humans" by Mumford, Evans, Kaminski, Preston, Sannerud,
Silverman, and Griffiths documents that the amount of theobromine in
a bar of chocolate can have mild but noticable effects.  This is
the first measurement of behavioral effects of theobromine in humans.
Check it out in _Psychopharmacology_ (1994) 115:1-8.

Silverman and Griffiths (along with Kimberly Kirby) also had a neat
earlier article that shows what you plan on doing (& do) partially determines
what type of drug effect you will prefer.  As they put it "the
refinforcing effects of drugs can be altered by the behavioral
requirements following drug ingestion."  They conclude that "these
experiments illustrate the malleability of human drug self-administration
and suggests that the excessive consumption of drugs, which in part defines
drug abuse, is not driven solely by the intrinsic properties of the drugs
of by characteristics of the abusers; human drug self-administration
responds in orderly way to changes in environmental circumstances."
This is probably no surprise to many of you, but it is still nice to
see it published.  "Modulation of drug reinforcement by behavioral
requirements following drug ingestion" in _Psychopharmacology_ (1994)
114:243-247 -- read it and beep.

As a side note, _Cracked Coverage: Television news, the anti-cocaine
crusade, and the Reagan legacy_ by Reeves and Campbell, 1994, Duke U.
Press is a sophisticated and interesting media analysis.  I've just
started it and thus far don't entirely agree with the authors' approach,
but it's definitely an excellent book.

   --Matt