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THEMES
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1979-12-31
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12
By themes we refer to the ideas which the author is trying to
give us. We can assume that most authors do not write just for
fun but that there is some message or philosophy that they
would like us to learn.
An author likes to think that his readers are different (and
hopefully better) because they have read his book.
Often the ideas are ones which the author believes in
passionately.
This is certainly the case with George Orwell who was quite
prepared to fight and risk his life for what he believed in.
See Notes on Orwell's life.
12
The overall theme of 'Animal Farm' is very clear - it is the
criticism of totalitarianism especially with regards to Russia.
However we may isolate several elements of this overall theme
as in the following list:
1. Power corrupts
2. Propaganda
3. The abuse of socialism
4. The dangers of revolution
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1. Power corrupts
There is a saying that 'Power corrupts and absolute power
corrupts absolutely' and this is certainly shown to be true in
'Animal Farm'.
There is no doubt that all the animals took part in the
revolution with the genuine thought of bringing about Major's
noble ideals.
However immediately after the rebellion the feeling of power is
felt by the pigs who are more natural leaders than the other
animals.
Even Snowball who seems to be more high-minded than the rest
gives in to the temptation of the milk and apples.
Orwell seems to hint that Snowball would also have developed
into a tyrant.
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The pigs' degeneration is rapid and once they realise what
power they have they soon grow to love it.
Orwell's purpose is clear; it is very dangerous to place too
much power in the hands of individuals.
2. Propaganda
The topic of Propaganda is dealt with elsewhere in these notes:
See How to Write Essays in the Exam Questions Menu
Orwell obviously wanted people to be on their guard against
this insidious danger.
13
The abuse of socialism
Orwell was a socialist. He believed in the theory that wealth
should be more evenly distributed to benefit the poor rather
than remaining forever in the hands of the rich.
What he was criticising in 'Animal Farm' was not the socialist
ideals of the animals. From his description of the farm
immediately after the rebellion we can see that the animals
were happier and better off.
What really upset Orwell was when those ideals were perverted
and corrupted by those who gained power under such a system.
He is savagely critical of those countries who claim to be
socialist when in reality they are totalitarian states.
14
The Dangers of Revolution
This is related to the previous theme. Orwell shows that
revolution which destroys an unfair and tyrannical government
may not produce anything better to take its place.
In the case of Animal Farm the animals are indeed better off
once they have got rid of Jones. However ironically he is
replaced as their master by Napoleon and the other pigs.
Under this new leadership the animals are ultimately no better
off than they were before and may even be worse off.
Orwell's message is again quite clear; that human nature being
what it is a popular revolution may well backfire on those who
support it breeding new tyrants to replace the old.