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- Ly-Gen.doc
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- As you may have heard or saw, Scientific American Sept. 1991
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- had a particularly interesting article on the Lyapunov log
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- fractal and the computer graphics it produces. Being a computer
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- graphics buff, an Amiga owner and a fledgling C-language programer
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- I seized upon this opportunity to see what kind of Lyapunov
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- Graphics the Amiga could produce.
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- Many thanks to Jamie Mueller for the algorithm he posted to Genie, file
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- number 12088.
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- The Colors
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- The pictures in the article seemed to be done in about 100
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- shades of yellow to black. Since the Amiga can only do 16 shades
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- of a color I tried 16 shades of yellow but not with great
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- results. I then tried 32 colors with yellow to violet and violet
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- to blue. Better, but still not great eye candy. I next tried 30
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- colors and left colors 0 and 1 black and white for the D-Paint
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- tool bar. I then put one of my pictures into D-Paint II and
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- adjusted the palette to a wide range of bright colors. If you
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- don't like the colors Ly-Gen produces put the picture into
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- D-Paint and change the colors more to your liking.
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- The Pattern
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- Ly-Gen produces a fractal based on two attractors (a,b) and
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- alternates between them based on the pattern provided by the
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- user. ie. aabba or baaabaabb or whatever up to 16 characters.
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- Iterations
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- The number of iterations is the number of times the log is
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- computed per pixel. The people at Scientific American use 4000
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- but they clearly have a much faster processor than a 68000. To do
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- 4000 iterations on an Amiga would take about 18 days. But this is
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- hardly necessary as I have gotten interesting images in as few as
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- 10 iterations and very interesting pictures at 200 iterations in
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- about 21 hours.
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- Why Screenx?
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- Screenx has always been a handy P.D. program for saving
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- screens and it saved me the trauma of trying to write a good IFF
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- picture saver for my program.
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- To use screenx (doc file included) to save a lyapunov picture
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- after it's finished or while it's generating for that matter; Put
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- the screen in the background with left-amiga-n or pull down the
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- screen with the pointer. Click on the icon for Screenx. After it
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- starts click left button in Screenx window then click right
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- button. The Screenx screen will appear. Change the filename
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- string to something like DF1:Ly-Pic, Click on Lyapunov's Screen
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- name and click Save IFF. Click the right button
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- to exit Screenx. Restore the picture with left-amiga-m or pull up
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- the picture. Click upper left corner to end the program and free
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- up memory.
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- The Frame number and the Grid.
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- After generating a few Lyapunov pictures I felt that certain
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- sections could use further study in the tradition of Mandelbrot,
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- I wanted to blow up part of the set. To do this I divided the set
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- into 25 sections or a 5 X 5 Grid. To generate a blow up of one of
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- these sections of one of your Lyapunov pictures compare your
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- picture to the grid to find an interesting sector or better yet:
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- Load the grid into D-Paint, switch to spare screen, load Lyapunov
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- picture, select menu spare screen merge to front. Now you have a
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- clear view of how the set is divided and can easily pick a frame
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- of interest.
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- To generate one frame of a Lyapunov:
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- Enter Ly-Gen Pattern #iterations Frame#
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- ie. Ly-Gen aaabbb 200 11
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- The Pattern and number of iterations must match the full set
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- Pattern and iterations to get a true zoom in on the frame of
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- interest.
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- Ly-Gen abbaaaabbaabbaab 200 11 will generate frame 11 of the example
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- picture included.
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- Multitasking
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- Through no effort on my part and thanks to my Lattice 5.02
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- compiler Ly-Gen multitasks quite well so you can do other things
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- while it's running. I have a friend who found he can even play
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- some P.D. Games (the best kind) while Ly-Gen is running in the
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- background.
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- Aborting Ly-Gen
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- To abort Ly-Gen Click upper left corner and Ly-Gen will shut
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- down at end of current line.
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- Enjoy!
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- Roy Emmons
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- 701 A st. #5
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- Lincoln, NE 68502
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