Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0048/00482.txt

Text File | 1991-07-01 | 12.0 KB | 317 lines

$Unique_ID{COW00482}
$Pretitle{220}
$Title{Brazil
Statistical Profile of Brazil}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
president
rate
billion
de
party
government
rio
brazilian
total}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*52100010.aud
Map of Brazil*0048201.scf
Flag of Brazil*0048202.scf
}
Country:     Brazil
Book:        CIA World Factbook
Author:      Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date:        1990


[Hear National Anthem]

[See Map of Brazil]

[See Flag of Brazil]

Statistical Profile of Brazil

Geography

Total area: 8,511,965 km2; land area: 8,456,510 km2; includes Arquipelago de
Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and
Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo

Comparative area: slightly smaller than the US

Land boundaries: 14,691 km total; Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km,
Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,
Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

Coastline: 7,491 km

Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 200 nm

Disputes: short section of the boundary with Paraguay (just west of Guaira
Falls on the Rio Parana) is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with
Uruguay are in dispute (Arroyo de la Invernada area of the Rio Quarai and the
islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay); claims a Zone of
Interest in Antarctica

Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south

Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills,
mountains, and narrow coastal belt

Natural resources: iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium, phosphates,
tin, hydropower, gold, platinum, crude oil, timber

Land use: 7% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 19% meadows and pastures; 67%
forest and woodland; 6% other; includes NEGL% irrigated

Environment: recurrent droughts in northeast; floods and frost in south;
deforestation in Amazon basin; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro and
Sao Paulo

Note: largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every
South American country except Chile and Ecuador

People

Population: 152,505,077 (July 1990), growth rate 1.9% (1990)

Birth rate: 26 births/1,000 population (1990)

Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

Infant mortality rate: 69 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 68 years female (1990)

Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (1990)

Nationality: noun--Brazilian(s); adjective--Brazilian

Ethnic divisions: Portuguese, Italian, German, Japanese, black, Amerindian;
55% white, 38% mixed, 6% black, 1% other

Religion: 90% Roman Catholic (nominal)

Language: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

Literacy: 76%

Labor force: 57,000,000 (1989 est.); 42% services, 31% agriculture, 27%
industry

Organized labor: 13,000,000 dues paying members (1989 est.)

Government

Long-form name: Federative Republic of Brazil

Type: federal republic

Capital: Brasilia

Administrative divisions: 24 states (estados, singular--estado), 2
territories* (territorios, singular--territorio), and 1 federal district**
(distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa*, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito
Federal**, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio
Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima*, Santa Catarina, Sao
Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins; note--the territories of Amapa and Roraima will
become states on 15 March 1991

Independence: 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

Constitution: 5 October 1988

Legal system: based on Latin codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional) consists
of an upper chamber or Senate (Senado) and a lower chamber or Chamber of
Deputies (Camara dos Deputados)

Judicial branch: Supreme Federal Tribunal

Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President Fernando Affonso
COLLOR de Mello (since 15 March 1990); Vice President Itamar FRANCO (since 15
March 1990)

Political parties and leaders: National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel
Tourinho, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Ulysses
Guimaraes, president; Liberal Front Party (PFL), Hugo Napoleao, president;
Workers' Party (PT), Luis Ignacio (Lula) da Silva, president; Brazilian Labor
Party (PTB), Luiz Gonzaga de Paiva Muniz, president; Democratic Labor Party
(PDT), Doutel de Andrade, president; Democratic Social Party (PDS), Jarbas
Passarinho, president; Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Mario Covas,
president; Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), Salomao Malina, secretary general;
Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao Amazonas, president

Suffrage: voluntary at age 16; compulsory between ages 18 and 70; voluntary at
age 70

Elections: President--last held 15 November 1989, with runoff on 17 December
1989 (next to be held November 1994); results--Fernando Collor de Mello 53%,
Luis Inacio da Silva 47%; first free, direct presidential election since 1960;

Senate--last held 15 November 1986 (next to be held 3 October 1990);
results--PMDB 60%, PFL 21%, PDS 8%, PDT 3%, others 8%; seats--(66 total) PMDB
43, PFL 15, PDS 6, PDT 2, others 6; note--as of 1990 Senate has 75 seats;

Chamber of Deputies--last held 15 November 1986 (next to be held 3 October
1990); results--PMDB 53%, PFL 23%, PDS 7%, PDT 5%, other 12%; seats--(495
total) PMDB 258, PFL 114, PDS 33, PDT 24, others 58; note--as of 1990 Chamber
of Deputies has 570 seats

Communists: about 30,000

Other political or pressure groups: left wing of the Catholic Church and labor
unions allied to leftist Worker's Party are critical of government's social
and economic policies

Member of: CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT, Group of Eight, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO,
ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTELSAT, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, OAS, PAHO,
SELA, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Marcilio Marques MOREIRA; Chancery at
3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone [phone];
there are Brazilian Consulates General in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles,
Miami, New Orleans, and New York, and Consulates in Dallas, Houston, and San
Francisco; US--Ambassador Richard MELTON; Embassy at Avenida das Nocoes, Lote
3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal (mailing address is APO Miami 34030); telephone
(55) (6) 321-7272; there are US Consulates General in Rio de Janeiro and Sao
Paulo, and Consulates in Porto Alegre and Recife

Flag: green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial
globe with 23 white five-pointed stars (one for each state) arranged in the
same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial
band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

Economy

Overview: The economy, a mixture of private enterprises of all sizes and
extensive government intervention, experienced enormous difficulties in the
late 1980s, notably declining real growth, runaway inflation, foreign debt
obligations of more than $100 billion, and uncertain economic policy.
Government intervention includes trade and investment restrictions, wage/price
controls, interest and exchange rate controls, and extensive tariff barriers.
Ownership of major industrial facilities is divided among private interests,
the government, and multinational companies. Ownership in agriculture likewise
is varied, with the government intervening in the politically sensitive issues
involving large landowners and the masses of poor peasants. In consultation
with the IMF, the Brazilian Government has initiated several programs over the
last few years to ameliorate the stagnation and foreign debt problems. None of
these has given more than temporary relief. The strategy of the new Collor
government is to increase the pace of privatization, encourage foreign trade
and investment, and establish a more realistic exchange rate. One long-run
strength is the existence of vast natural resources.

GDP: $377 billion, per capita $2,500; real growth rate 3% (1989 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1,765% (1989)

Unemployment rate: 2.5% (December 1989)

Budget: revenues $27.8 billion; expenditures $40.1 billion, including capital
expenditures of $8.8 billion (1986)

Exports: $34.2 billion (1989 est.); commodities--coffee, metallurgical
products, chemical products, foodstuffs, iron ore, automobiles and parts;
partners--US 28%, EC 26%, Latin America 11%, Japan 6% (1987)

Imports: $18.0 billion (1989 est.); commodities--crude oil, capital goods,
chemical products, foodstuffs, coal; partners--Middle East and Africa 24%, EC
22%, US 21%, Latin America 12%, Japan 6% (1987)

External debt: $109 billion (December 1989)

Industrial production: growth rate 3.2% (1989 est.)

Electricity: 52,865,000 kW capacity; 202,280 million kWh produced, 1,340 kWh
per capita (1989)

Industries: textiles and other consumer goods, shoes, chemicals, cement,
lumber, iron ore, steel, motor vehicles and auto parts, metalworking, capital
goods, tin

Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP; world's largest producer and exporter of
coffee and orange juice concentrate and second-largest exporter of soybeans;
other products--rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, beef; self-sufficient in food,
except for wheat

Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis and coca, mostly for domestic
consumption; government has an active eradication program to control cannabis
and coca cultivation

Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $2.5 billion; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $9.5 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $284 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $1.3
billion

Currency: novo cruzado (plural--novos cruzados); 1 novo cruzado (NCr$) = 100
centavos

Exchange rates: novos cruzados (NCr$) per US $1--2.83392 (1989), 0.26238
(1988), 0.03923 (1987), 0.01366 (1986), 0.00620 (1985); note-- 25 tourist/
parallel rate (December 1989)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Railroads: 29,694 km total; 25,268 km 1.000-meter gauge, 4,339 km 1.600-meter
gauge, 74 km mixed 1.600-1.000-meter gauge, 13 km 0.760-meter gauge; 2,308 km
electrified

Highways: 1,448,000 km total; 48,000 km paved, 1,400,000 km gravel or earth

Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable

Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined products, 3,804 km; natural gas, 1,095
km

Ports: Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio
de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos

Merchant marine: 271 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,855,708 GRT/
9,909,097 DWT; includes 2 passenger-cargo, 68 cargo, 1 refrigerated cargo, 12
container, 9 roll-on/roll-off, 56 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL)
tanker, 15 chemical tanker, 10 liquefied gas, 14 combination ore/oil, 82 bulk,
2 combination bulk

Civil air: 176 major transport aircraft

Airports: 3,774 total, 3,106 usable; 386 with permanent-surface runways; 2
with runways over 3,659 m; 21 with runways 2,240-3,659 m; 503 with runways
1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: good system; extensive radio relay facilities; 9.86
million telephones; stations--1,223 AM, no FM, 112 TV, 151 shortwave; 3
coaxial submarine cables 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations with total
of 3 antennas; 64 domestic satellite stations

Defense Forces

Branches: Brazilian Army, Navy of Brazil, Brazilian Air Force

Military manpower: males 15-49, 39,620,936; 26,752,307 fit for military
service; 1,617,378 reach military age (18) annually

Defense expenditures: 0.6% of GDP, or $2.3 billion (1989 est.)