Countries of the World/COUNTRYS.BIN/dp/0048/00481.txt

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$Unique_ID{COW00481}
$Pretitle{404}
$Title{Botswana
The SADCC Programme of Action}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Southern African Development Coordination Conference}
$Affiliation{Southern African Development Coordination Conference}
$Subject{sadcc
development
regional
telephone
telex
food
projects
states
ministry
programme}
$Date{1988}
$Log{}
Country:     Botswana
Book:        Southern African Development Coordination Conference a Handbook
Author:      Southern African Development Coordination Conference
Affiliation: Southern African Development Coordination Conference
Date:        1988

The SADCC Programme of Action

     The Programme of Action comprises the programmes and projects in the
following sectors:-

     Energy Conservation and Development, Food, Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Industry and Trade, Manpower Development, Mining, Tourism and
Transport and Communications.

     Once a programme is prepared and approved, the regional projects are,
where necessary, presented to SADCC's cooperating partners at the Annual
Consultative Conference.

     If a cooperating partner expresses interest in a project, it is then the
primary responsibility of the country or countries directly involved and
assisted as appropriate by the Sector Coordinator, to negotiate and implement
the project. The role of SADCC, its commissions and committees, is to help
define regional priorities, to assist in mobilising resources, and to maximise
the regional impact of projects, i.e. SADCC is a coordinating rather than an
executing agency.

Energy Conservation and Development
(coordinated by Angola)

     Lack of adequate and economic energy supplies is a major constraint on
development for several countries in the region whose petroleum, and in three
cases electricity, import bills exceed 25% of export earnings. On the other
hand there are great opportunities for development through the exploitation of
hydroelectric power as well as through maximising the exploitation of coal,
natural gas and petroleum resources in the region. It is also a priority of
the SADCC states to develop new and renewable sources of energy to reduce
dependence on non-renewable sources and on imports, and to prevent
environmental degradation.

     The SADCC States produced a joint statement on regional energy policy for
the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy in July 1981.

     A programme of action, based on a comprehensive study of the needs and
resources of the region, has been produced and projects have been selected
covering oil, coal, electricity and new and renewable sources of energy as
well as the training of energy personnel.

Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources

     SADCC's food and agriculture programmes are designed to contribute
towards regional food security through increased food production, and to raise
income levels through production of cash crops. The natural resources
programmes are developed to exploit and manage the natural resource base in
order to increase food, agriculture and livestock production, in a manner that
safeguards balanced ecosystems and protects the overall environment.

     Responsibility for coordinating regional programmes is allocated to
member States as follows:

     Overall Coordination - Zimbabwe

     Agricultural Research - Botswana

     Fisheries, Forestry and Wildlife - Malawi

     Food Security - Zimbabwe

     Livestock Production and Animal Disease

     Control - Botswana

     Soil and Water Conservation and Land Utilization - Lesotho

Agricultural Research and Training

     The Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural Research
(SACCAR) was established in 1985 to coordinate regional efforts in the field
of agricultural research, with the following objectives:

     - strengthening national agricultural research systems and capabilities:

     - promotion, rapid and continuous provision, interchange and utilisation
of scientific and technical information:

     - the generation of new technologies needed by farmers to raise the
productivity of food and non-food crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry
through regional collaborative projects and inter-country liaison;

     - the promotion and dissemination of available technology;

     - the promotion and implementation of studies of problems common to all
or to several member States and the initiation of cooperative research to
overcome them;

     - provision of such regional support services and functions as may be
necessary to assist and inform national and regional research activities.

     Major projects undertaken by SACCAR include improvement in Sorghum and
Millet, Grain Legume and Land Water Management. In addition, grants are
provided, under the auspices of SACCAR, for different aspects of research.

     SACCAR also publishes a monthly Newsletter on research programmes and
projects, and is co-publisher of the SADCC-Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural
Research; with the Department of Research and Specialist Services of the
Ministry of Agriculture of Zimbabwe.

Fisheries, Forestry and Wildlife

     SADCC member States have a vast natural resource base, and the SADCC
Programme of Action focuses on the development of these natural resources.

Fisheries

     Inland waters in the SADCC region, cover about 5.7m sq. km. and over
300,000 tonnes of fish are harvested a year. The bulk of this yield, comes
from the maritime states namely, Angola, Mozambique and Tanzania. Although the
development of fisheries puts more emphasis on commercial fishing, artisanal
fishing is also given attention.

Forestry

     60% of the SADCC region consists of woodland, and 9% of the land has been
set aside for environmental management which includes conservation and
headwater catchment protection.

Wildlife

     Over 11% of the SADCC land area consists of national parks, indigenous
forest reserves and game reserves. The main activities in this area include
culling, game ranching, professional hunting, bee-keeping, crocodile farming,
wildlife safaris and processing of various wildlife products.

Food Security

     The Food Security programme covers the following areas:-

     - reinforcement of national food production capacity;

     - improvement of the food storage, delivery, conservation and
processing/systems;

     - development of systems for the prevention of food crises and the
establishment of national and regional food reserves;

     - development of mechanisms for the exchange of information;

     - production of cash crops and development of other agricultural
enterprises;

     - establishment of programmes for the control of major crop diseases and
pests;

     - development of intra-regional trade in food and other crops; and

     - development of skilled manpower.

     Major Food Security projects deal with:

     - An Inventory of Agricultural Resource Base

     - Agricultural Marketing Systems

     - Food storage and processing

     - National and Regional Early Warning Systems

     - Intra-regional and international trade

     - Income and Employment generation

Livestock Production and Animal Disease Control

     The more than 70m people in the region are supported by a large livestock
industry, including over 30m head of cattle and a growing small ruminant
population of sheep and goats. Given the common property status of grazing
land, the sector is faced with many challenges, including overstocking, poor
breeding stock and inadequate support services to control diseases that cut
across national boundaries.

     Regional livestock programmes have concentrated on disease control, with
emphasis on Rinderpest and Foot and Mouth Disease.

     The Sector also elaborates programmes for improved livestock production,
including dairy and pasture management, improving stock breeds and breeding
methods. Associated with this, are efforts to develop a regional industry for
the production of veterinary products and stock feeds.

Soil and Water Conservation and Land Utilisation

     Food supplies through domestic production and/or imports, will have to be
doubled in the SADCC region over the next 20 to 25 years. To achieve this,
more land will have to be brought under cultivation, and present land use
systems will have to be improved.

     Some of the land currently in agricultural use in SADCC member States is
deteriorating because of inappropriate land and water management practices.

     SADCC is developing a long term strategy to deal with these problems.
Initial emphasis has been given to a series of seminars and workshop on
cost/benefit analysis of soil and water conservation practices.

Industry and Trade (coordinated by Tanzania)

Industry

     Industrial Development is critical to economic liberation. In particular
it is critical to reducing dependence on South Africa-at present a dominant
source of manufactured goods for most of the neighbouring countries.

     The main thrust of the Industry programme is to promote self-reliance
among SADCC countries by ensuring increased production of goods and services
to satisfy the basic needs of the people. Priority is accorded to the
rehabilitation of existing industrial capacities as the logical way of
increasing industrial production, especially in those branches whose products
have a wider regional market.

     Industrial projects should, in general, satisfy the following
guidelines:-

     - the ability to meet national demand and have surplus to export
particularly to other SADCC countries:

     - the need to obtain raw materials within SADCC;

     - the realistic conditions of exchanging raw materials and products
within the SADCC region.

     The current sectoral programme has two major components:

     - projects for manufactured goods, emphasizing on core industries and
basic needs industries; and

     - projects for Industrial support Services.

Trade

     Increasing intra-regional trade was explicitly recognised in the Lusaka
Declaration as an essential component of SADCC strategies for reducing
external dependence. With progress now being made in the development of
intra-regional transport and SADCC industries, effective measures to remove
constraints on trade and to improve facilities are now imperative.

     A Trade Development Programme is the latest addition to the SADCC
Programme of Action. The programme aims at increasing existing trade flows as
well as identifying and facilitating new product flows, especially in
connection with industrial cooperation project.

     The programme will be implemented on the basis of bilateral agreements
between member States and will use the following instruments:-

     - multi-year purchase contracts;

     - counter purchases;

     - preferential import licensing;

     - product - specific tariff reductions;

     - financial support mechanisms, especially an Export Credit facility and
Export Prefinancing Revolving Funds;

     - Information exchange and trade promotion activities.

Manpower Development (coordinated by Swaziland)

     Development has been restricted throughout the region, by the shortage of
skilled manpower, and by the range of specialised requirements, from transport
equipment maintenance through financial management, to soil conservation. For
most countries, it would be impractical to create training institutions to
cover all these specialities; so for SADCC, one important area of regional
cooperation has been that of manpower development.

     The regional programme aims at:

     - training to support the activities of the other SADCC sectors,
specifically with regard to the execution, operation and maintenance of
projects;

     - training in management and public administration;

     - training of sub-professional cadres, especially agricultural and
engineering craftsmen, technicians and trainers;

     - foundation training in scientific, technical and mathematical
subjects;

     - language training to ensure that personnel from all SADCC member
States can fully participate in the Organisation's activities;

     Major sectoral projects cover strengthening of specialised training
institutions in the region, a regional Scholarship Award Scheme, manpower
surveys and strengthening of the region's manpower data base.

Mining (coordinated by Zambia)

     Southern Africa is rich in minerals, and mining is a major industry in
most of the SADCC countries. Therefore, the development of the mining
industry, is extremely important for the future economic development of the
region.

     The Mining sector strategy aims at:

     - exploiting the mineral resources of the region to directly serve the
needs of the regional economy, rather than primarily for export; Local
beneficiation is, therefore, a high priority;

     - sharing mineral processing facilities;

     - joint action to produce many of the essential inputs to mining, such as
chemicals, explosives, spare parts for equipment and machinery, etc., and
training;

     - encouraging small scale mining to exploit the large number of
relatively small mineral deposits in the region.

     Several studies are at various stages of execution, from which it is
hoped to develop substantial investment projects.

Tourism (coordinated by Lesotho)

     Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. However,
Africa's share of international tourist travellers is a meagre 2%. The
development of tourism, which is an important foreign exchange earner, and is
responsible for the creation of job opportunities, is closely linked to the
activities of other economic sectors such as transport, construction,
agriculture, etc; and the management and development of the region's wildlife
resources.

     By working together, the SADCC member States can maximise the economic
opportunities which a successful tourist industry represents. The
effectiveness of marketing, especially abroad, is increased, since joint
programmes make it possible to offer multi-destination tours; while, at the
same time reducing the financial costs on individual member States.

     The Tourism Sector is one of SADCC's most recent initiatives. A
Coordinating Unit, staffed by full time professionals, has already been
established.

     The strategy for Tourism development has the following components:-

     - packaging of several regional destinations;

     - rehabilitation and further development of tourism infrastructure;

     - promotion of both international and intra-regional tourism.

Transport and Communications (coordinated by Mozambique)

     The Southern African Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) was
established in 1980, to coordinate the programmes of rehabilitation and
development of the regional transport and communications infrastructure.

     The system of communications in the region, built up during the colonial
period, focuses on South Africa; and constitutes one of the region's critical
areas of dependence on that country. The ports in the SADCC member States need
to be rehabilitated and expanded; the roads and railways which were damaged
during the struggles for independence, and continue to be sabotaged by South
Africa and South African-sponsored bandits, need to be rehabilitated.

     From its inception, SADCC has placed, and continues to place high
priority on the development of the region's Transport and communications
systems with the twin objectives of reducing dependence on South Africa, and
especially, to provide the infrastructural base for viable productive sectors
of the regional economy.

     Hence the Transport and Communications sector constitutes the largest
component of the SADCC Programme of Action with activities covering capital
investment projects, operational coordination of systems and training of
personnel.

Conclusion

     The task which SADCC has set itself, is an enormous one. None of the
member States necessarily expect quick results out of this important
initiative. They also fully realise that there is bound to be occasional
setbacks as they work towards their ultimate objectives. The SADCC member
States are nevertheless fully determined to press ahead with their initiative
until it succeeds. In this regard, the member States are greatly encouraged by
the support which SADCC has received and continues to receive from its
cooperating partners.

     "... we must be humbler in our immediate objectives, and ambitious in our
long-term objectives."

H.E. President Samora Machel

1st, April, 1980

SADCC Addresses

SADCC Secretariat
Private Bag 0095
GABORONE
Botswana

Telex: 2555 SADCC BD
Telephone: [phone]

SADCC CONTACT POINTS

SADCC Permanent Office,
Secretaria de Estado da Cooperacao,
Caixa Postal, 1500
LUANDA,
Republica Popular de Angola

Telex: 4056 Secoop AN
Telephone: 20646

Director of Economic Affairs,
Ministry of Finance & Development
Planning,
Private Bag 008,
GABORONE
Botswana.

Telex: 2401 FIN BD
Telephone: 355255

Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Planning and Economic
Affairs,
P.O. Box 630,
MASERU
Lesotho.

Telex: 4429 PLANOF
Telephone: 326451

Deputy Secretary,
Department of Economic Planning and
Development,
Office of the President and Cabinet,
P.O. Box 30136,
LILONGWE 3,
Malawi.

Telex: 4389 PRES MI
Telephone: 731311

Ministerio das Transportes E
Comunicacoes,
Cabinete Do Ministro,
Caixa Postal, 276
MAPUTO
Mozambique.

Telex: 6606 SATCC MO
Telephone: 33214

Principal Secretary,
Department of Economic Planning and
Statistics,
P.O. Box 602,
MBABANE,
Swaziland.

Telex: 2109 WD
Telephone: 43765

Deputy Principal Secretary,
International and Regional Cooperation,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
P.O. Box 9000,
DAR-ES-SALAAM,
Tanzania.

Telex: 41086 FOREIGN
Telephone: 43261

Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Finance and National
Commission for Development Planning
P.O. Box 50268,
LUSAKA,
Zambia.

Telex: 40430 DEVPLAN
Telephone: 250442

Secretary,
Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning
and Development,
Private Bag 7752,
HARARE,
Zimbabwe.

Telex: 4254 ZIMGOV ZW
Telephone: 794571

SADCC SECTOR COORDINATORS

SADCC Coordinator for Energy
Conservation and Development
CP 172, LUANDA
Angola

Telex: 4090 ENE AN
Telephone: 23382

SADCC Coordinator for Agricultural
Research and Training
Ministry of Agriculture
Private Bag 003
GABORONE

Telex: 2543 AGRIC BD
Telephone: 351171

Southern African Centre for
Cooperation in Agricultural Research
Private Bag 00108
GABORONE
Botswana

Telex: 2752 SACCAR BD
Telephone: [phone]

SADCC Coordinator for Fisheries,
Forestry and Wildlife
Ministry of Forestry, and Natural
Resources
Private Bag 350
LILONGWE 3
Malawi

Telex: 4465 FORENAR MI
Telephone: 731322

SADCC Coordinator for Food Security
Ministry of Lands Agriculture and Rural
Resettlement
Private Bag 7701, Causeway
HARARE
Zimbabwe

Telex: 2455 AGRIC ZW
Telephone: 705342

SADCC Coordinator
Livestock Production and Animal Disease
Control
Ministry of Agriculture
P.O. Box 10019
GABORONE
Botswana

Telephone: 350611

SADCC Coordinator for Soil and Water
Conservation and Land Utilisation
Ministry of Agriculture and Marketing
P.O. Box 24
MASERU 100
Lesotho

Telex: 4414 SADCC LO
Telephone: 322158

SADCC Coordinator for Industry and Trade
Ministry of Industries and Trade
P.O. Box 9503
DAR ES SALAAM
Tanzania

Telex: 41686 SADCC TZ
Telephone: 35002

SADCC Coordinator for Manpower
Development
Department of Economic Planning and
Statistics
P.O. Box 602
MBABANE
Swaziland

Telex: 2109 WB
Telephone: 43765

SADCC Coordinator for Mining
Ministry of Mines
P.O. Box 31969
LUSAKA
Zambia

Telex: ZA 45970
Telephone: 211220

SADCC Coordinator for Tourism
Ministry of Tourism, Sports, and
Culture
P.O. Box 52
MASERU 100
Lesotho

Telex: 4280 LO
Telephone: 322138

SADCC Coordinator for Transport and
Communications
Southern Africa Transport and
Communications Commission
(SATCC)
CP 2677 MAPUTO
Mozambique

Telex: 6606 SATCC MO
Telephone: 20246