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1997-01-08
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________________________________________________________________________
/ \
| !Fractal v1.12: General Fractal Plotter |
| January 1997 |
| by Mike Curnow |
\________________________________________________________________________/
Introduction
============
Fractal is designed to be a universal fractal generator. Fractal has two
purposes. Firstly to provide you with a comprehensive application to examine
fractal functions and images. Secondly it is designed as a platform for
fractal programmers to add their own routines. This enables these routines
to get immediate Wimp access and support of the 3d functions etc.
Help - Fractal fully supports the !Help application, including help on
menus. Try !Help before looking here - it will save you a lot of time!
A brief guide to usage.
----------------------
Double click on the !Fractal filer icon to load, and then click one the
Mandelbrot tool icon to display the initial fractal (a Mandelbrot). Select a
256 colour mode from the Palette application or Mode Selector to see the
image correctly. Alternatively you can click with Adjust over the iconbar
icon to open a full screen window (though still in desktop mode). Clicking
with Select re-opens the main window if closed.
Many of the main functions of Fractal can be performed from the Tools pane
on the left. The main menu provides access to all of these functions and
more.
To Zoom in click with Select over the 1st tool icon, or use Adjust to zoom
out. A zoom box will appear - use the left mouse button to shrink the zoom
box, and the right button to enlarge it. Press the middle button to start
the redraw operation. The machine will be locked until the redraw is
complete or until you press Adjust, at which point multi-tasking mode will
be entered. Note that some functions never end until you select Image->Stop.
Also note that when in full screen mode the desktop is still active - its
just that the other windows are hidden. To close the full screen window
select Display->Hide.
The screen can be saved by using the Image->Save option. Saved drawings may
be reloaded by simply dragging the saved sprite onto the Fractal icon,
allowing zooming to re-commence.
A good way to see the power of Fractal is via the supplied scripts. Click
on Misc->Scripts which will open a Filer window. Drag one of the text files
onto Fractal and a fractal will be drawn.
System Requirements
===================
Fractal 1.xx requires RiscOS 3.1 or higher. Use Fractal 0.30 on previous
releases of RiscOS. Fractal will run in a 1Mb machine, depending on the
options chosen, but Fractal can use as much memory as you have to generate
huge images.
Fractal requires a considerable amount of storage : 350k for code, sprite
image size (depends on mode), 1 or 2 banks of screen memory, so be prepared.
Some functions are disabled if there is insufficient memory. To save space,
some functions load their data on first selection so be prepared for further
disk activity. Many functions also dynamically acquire memory, so keep some
free. If you get memory problems try Image Mode=13 and turn off Previous
Image Save in the Options panel.
Fractal takes full advantage of the ARM3 processor, FPA processor and
graphics enhancer boards when fitted, including the VIDC2 in the RiscPC. An
ARM3 will give 4-5 times speed improvement. The FPA chip will improve
floating point calculations by 10-20 times. If you do not have an FPA chip
don't worry - Fractal uses integer and fixed point routines where possible,
the major drawback being lack of accuracy.
If you have an FPA chip Fractal automatically uses floating point routines
when and if these are faster than its own integer based ones. An FPA chip is
recommended. The following timings illustrate the performance available
compared to a fast PC.
Acorn: Fractal 106 running on an A410 25Mhz ARM3+25MHZ FPA, CC colour card.
PC: Fractint running on a 486-33DX (inbuilt fpa) with local bus video.
Function: Mandelbrot, x=-25, y=-1.5, w=4, h=4, iter=150 (Fractint's defaults).
Image size: 800x600 256 colours.
Image Size Maths Acorn PC
800x600 Integer 6.20 6.37 seconds
800x600 Float 7.31 8.02
1024x768 Integer 8.68 9.62
1024x768 Float 10.45 12.25
An A5000 (25Mhz) will be about 10-15% faster due to faster memory, whilst
the A5000 33Mhz will be 30-40% faster. So don't sell your Acorn for a PC,
just buy an FPA, a bargain at £100.
Full Operation Information
==========================
The fractal plot is displayed either in a full screen window, which may be
hidden at any time by selecting Display->Desktop from the menu, or in a
standard re-sizeable window. When not in a 256 colour mode the colours are
matched as best as possible, but this may lead to loss of image detail.
When an image is re-drawn Fractal attempts to enter the image mode to allow
the image generation to be seen. To avoid out of memory problems it may be
best to pre-select this mode from the Palette task or from the
'Options->Full screen mode' when in full screen mode. If the image size is
different from the screen size, then no attempt is made to show the re-draw
as it proceeds. To avoid annoying screen flicker on mode changes, it is best
to enter full screen mode with the display mode same as the image mode (this
is the default).
Automatic Last Display Save
---------------------------
Most operations which modify the current image will save it in memory. The
prior image may be recalled by selecting Display->Previous from the menu.
Thus you can zoom in to inspect an area, then quickly back out to the
previous display. To maintain further images use the load and save
facilities.
Colours And Palettes
--------------------
Fractal works with the VIDC2 of the RiscPC and A7000 machines and graphics
enhancer boards by allowing all 256 colours of the palette to be programmed,
rather than the fixed 256 colours usually provided. Full colour support is
automatically enabled on RiscOS 3.5 machines or if CC's Colour Card is
installed. For other boards Select Misc->Options->256 to turn on full colour
support. Do not attempt to use the 256 colour palette options if your machine
does not have a full 256 colour palette. Do take Fractal along to your dealer
to see how wonderful a fully selectable palette can be, especially in high
resolution screen modes such as 800x600 or higher.
If you do not have full 256 colours you can still view Fractal's output in
full 256 colour by saving the image as a GIF file and then using ChangeFSI
or Translator to get a dithered sprite.
The palette in 256 colour modes cannot be changed by the !Palette utility
and are in a strange sequence. However !Fractal allows the 256 colours to be
arranged in any sequence or for a subset of the colours to be used. This is
useful to highlight detail or produce more realistic displays in 3d mapping
eg. the landscape palettes. Palettes may be editted via the supplied
!EditPal application and a selection of ready made palettes is in the
directory displayed from the Palette->Files menu option. Palettes can be
loaded by dragging onto a !Fractal window.
Without a full 256 colour graphics chip you will not see the full range of
colours, but you can still alter the sequence and range of colours used. To
get a better view save the image as a GIF file and then use ChangeFSI or
Translator to get a dithered sprite.
Within !Fractal all colours are numbered 0-255 corresponding to the physical
colour numbers. Use !EditPal to see the actual colour for each value, since
this will be dependent on the palette. In the RiscOS default palette the
sequence 0 to 255 results in a strange order of colours. To overcome this
use the RGB palette where the colours cycle through Tint,Red,Green,Blue in
ascending order (values 0-3 each). If you are familiar with the GCOL and
TINT values of BBC BASIC then try the LOGICAL palette. This will give the
colour mapping Red,Gre