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- DOCUMENT:Q108295 10-DEC-1993 [W_NT]
- TITLE :TCP\IP Name Resolution
- PRODUCT :Windows NT
- PROD/VER:3.10
- OPER/SYS:WINDOWS
- KEYWORDS:
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- The information in this article applies to:
-
- - Microsoft Windows NT operating system version 3.1
- - Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server version 3.1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- SUMMARY
- =======
-
- TCP\IP under Windows NT allows a computer to communicate over a network
- with another computer by using either an IP address, a host name, or a
- NetBIOS name. However, when one computer attempts to communicate with
- another computer using one of these three naming conventions, that name
- must ultimately be resolved to a hardware address. The following are the
- steps used by TCP\IP to resolve a host name and a NetBIOS name to a
- hardware address.
-
- MORE INFORMATION
- ================
-
- Host Name Resolution Using a Hosts File
- ---------------------------------------
-
- 1. Computer A enters a command using the host name of Computer B.
-
- 2. The HOSTS file on Computer A (contained in the
- %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc directory ) is parsed. When the host
- name of Computer B is found, it is resolved to an IP address.
-
- 3. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is then used to resolve the IP
- address of Computer B to its hardware address. If Computer B is on the
- local network, its hardware address will be obtained by using the ARP
- cache or by sending a local broadcast asking for a reply from Computer B
- with its hardware address. If Computer B is on a remote network, ARP
- will determine the hardware address of the default gateway for routing
- to Computer B.
-
- NOTE: Host name resolution using a Domain Name Server (DNS) is similar to
- the steps outlined above. Instead of parsing the HOSTS file in Step 2, the
- DNS looks up the host name of Computer B in its database and resolves it to
- an IP address.
-
- NetBIOS Name Resolution
- -----------------------
-
- 1. Computer A enters a Windows NT command using the NetBIOS name of
- Computer B.
-
- 2. The LMHOSTS cache on Computer A is checked for the IP address that
- corresponds to the NetBIOS name of Computer B.
-
- 3. If the IP address of Computer B is found in the LMHOSTS cache, ARP will
- resolve the IP address to Computer BÆs hardware address (see Step 3 of
- the Host Name Resolution Using A Hosts File section above). If, however,
- the NetBIOS name is not resolved from the LMHOSTS cache, Computer A
- broadcasts a name request with the NetBIOS address of Computer B.
-
- 4. If Computer B is on the local network, Computer A will receive a
- response to its name request broadcast containing the IP address of
- Computer B. ARP will then resolve Computer BÆs IP address to its
- hardware address.
-
- 5. If Computer B is on a remote network, Computer A will not receive a
- reply to its name request broadcast. The LMHOSTS file on Computer A
- (contained in the %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc directory) is then
- parsed. If a mapping for the NetBIOS name of Computer B exists, it is
- resolved to its IP address. Since this is the IP address of a remote
- computer, ARP will determine the hardware address of the default gateway
- for routing to Computer B.
-
- Additional reference words: 3.10
- KBCategory:
- KBSubCategory: tpip
-
- =============================================================================
-
- THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS
- PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS
- ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES
- OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
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- OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
- SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.
-
- Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1993.