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- DOCUMENT:Q101352 19-JUL-1993 [W_NT]
- TITLE :INF: Properly Connecting SCSI Devices to Windows NT
- PRODUCT :Windows NT
- PROD/VER:3.10
- OPER/SYS:WINDOWS
- KEYWORDS:
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
- The information in this article applies to:
-
- - Microsoft Windows NT operating system, version 3.1
- - Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server, version 3.1
- --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- A terminator is a set of resistors placed at each end of a
- transmission line, such as the SCSI (small systems computer interface)
- bus. Terminators help to prevent signal reflections at the ends of the
- transmission line and ensures that the signal on the line quickly
- reaches its desired state. A correctly terminated SCSI bus supports
- faster and more reliable operation. Each end of the physical SCSI bus
- should have one SCSI terminator attached.
-
- Physically, there are two types of terminators: internal and external.
- There are no electrical differences between these two terminator
- types. An external terminator looks like a SCSI bus connector without
- any cable attached to it. An internal terminator usually consists of
- two or three resistor SIPs (single in-line packages). On some new SCSI
- devices, the internal terminator is controlled by a switch or jumper
- on the device. For more information on internal termination in such
- devices, please refer to the device documentation.
-
- CAUTION: Some external devices, such as SCSI disks, have internal
- terminators installed. The only method to detect these terminators
- involves opening the cabinet and inspecting the device. Remove
- internal terminators from external devices.
-
- Electrically, there are two types of terminators: passive and active.
- Passive terminators were defined in the SCSI-I standard and are in
- widespread use today. A passive terminator is just a set of resisters.
- If you do not know what type terminator your device uses and it is not
- marked, it most likely uses a passive terminator. An active terminator
- includes active components, such as transistors, along with resistors.
- Active terminators were defined in the SCSI-II standard and are fairly
- new. Active terminators provide better termination response and
- support faster, more reliable bus operation. Some of the newer and
- faster controllers should have active terminators. The Adaptec
- aha154xC drive requires active terminators. Installing active
- terminators is a simple hardware modification that solves many SCSI
- bus problems.
-
- To work properly, terminators require power from the SCSI bus. This
- power is referred to as Term Power. It is typically supplied by the
- host adapter and by the other devices on the SCSI bus. Ideally, Term
- Power should be supplied by the last device on each end of the SCSI
- bus. In any case, at least one device on the bus must supply Term
- Power. In most configurations, Term Power is not a problem. However,
- some of the older FD8xx adapters do not supply Term Power; these
- adapters were usually included with SCSI devices that supply Term
- Power. Term Power is normally controlled by a jumper or switch on the
- SCSI device. For more information on enabling Term Power, please refer
- to your hardware documentation. To ensure that Term Power is properly
- supplied, all devices connected to the SCSI bus should be powered on
- whenever the bus is in use.
-
- The quality of the SCSI cables also affects the reliability and
- usability of a SCSI system. The SCSI-II standard defines the
- characteristics of good cables. They are 100% shielded round cables
- that contain 25 twisted pairs of wires. Each pair should have a
- characteristic impedance between 90 and 110 ohms. The wire gauge
- should be 26 or 28. Most SCSI cables do not meet these requirements.
- Adaptec recommends always using good SCSI cables with the aha154xC
- disk drive. If you connect more than three devices to a SCSI bus, it
- is a good idea to always use high quality SCSI cables.
-
- Some SCSI configurations work in MS-DOS but do not work in Windows NT
- because Windows NT uses SCSI more aggressively. Typically, Windows NT
- transfers larger data blocks and uses faster data transfer modes than
- MS-DOS does. Also, because Windows NT supports more devices on a SCSI
- bus, termination issues become more important.
-
- The following vendors make SCSI cables:
-
- Amphenol Interconnect Products* (607) 786-4221
- Quintec Interconnect Systems (408) 272-8000
- Icontec (408) 945-7766
-
- * Amphenol also makes active terminators called "SCSI ALT. 2 active
- terminators."
-
- The following publications provide more information on SCSI:
-
- Title: Building Fast SCSI subsystems
- Available from: Technology Focus
- Distributed Processing Technology
- 140 Candace Drive
- Maitland, FL 32571
- Phone: (407) 830-5522
- Comment: Useful for people building large servers with SCSI.
-
- Title: The SCSI Bench Reference (copyright 1989)
- Author: Jeffrey D. Stai
- Available from: ENDL Publications
- 14426 Black Walnut Court
- Saratoga, CA 95070
- Phone: (408) 867-6642
- Comment: A technical guide for engineers and application support
- personnel who are working with SCSI.
-
- Title: SCSI: Understanding the Small Computer System Interface
- Author: John B. Lohmeyer (Chairman, X3T9.2) NCR Corporation
- Publisher: Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
- ISBN: 0-13-796855-8
-
- Title: Fast Track to SCSI: A Product Guide (copyright 1991)
- Author: Fujitsu Microelectronics, Inc.
- Publisher: Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
- ISBN: 0-13-307018-2
- Comment: This is partially an introduction to SCSI and partially a
- Fujitsu SCSI product specification/catalog.
-
- Additional reference words: 3.10
- KBCategory:
- KBSubcategory: hrdwr
-
- =============================================================================
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-
- Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1993.