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3. DATA PREPARATION FOR ALLWET
3.1 Introduction
The input data for ALLWET must initially be prepared and placed on a
file. Items on each line of the file need not be in specific columns, but
merely be separated by one or more spaces. This file may then be accessed
when using ALLWET in either interactive or batch mode. This section describes
the preparation of such a file. For the sample system, figure 4 displays
the file for the sample problem.
The input file for ALLWET includes a preliminary subfile, a node subfile,
and a pipe subfile (in that order); and subfiles as needed to designate reser-
voirs, booster pumps, pressure reducing valves and check valves. These last
three may appear in any order.
THE INPUT DATA SHOULD BE PREPARED IN UPPER CASE!!
3-1
ALLWET
SAMPLE PROBLEM FOR ALLWET USERS MANUAL
HAZEN
215111
EPSILON .001
MULT 2 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0
NODES 9
1 T-1 400 0 0 0 0 1000 3000
1 T-2 375 0 0 0 0 4000 500
3 1 385 0 50 50 0 1500 3000
3 2 450 100 15 0 0 4000 3000
2 3 350 75 25 0 0 500 500
2 4 475 0 0 0 60 4000 3500
1 AA 410 100 50 0 0 1000 500
1 BB 410 175 0 0 0 1500 500
1 CC 415 125 0 125 0 2750 1750
PRESSURE 30
PIPES 11
1 T-1 1 10 100 500
2 T-1 AA 10 100 0
3 1 2 10 100 0
4 4 CC 8 100 1964 3
1978 2904 2384 2634 2655 2228
5 1 BB 10 100 2500
6 2 T-2 10 100 2500
7 T-2 BB 10 100 2500
8 BB CC 8 100 1964 3
1978 596 2384 866 2655 1272
9 BB AA 10 100 500
10 AA 3 8 100 500
11 3 4 6 100 500
RESERVOIR T-1 475 .3
RESERVOIR T-2 400 .7 5 1
145 135 120 100 75
200 600 1000 1400 1800
BOOSTER 11 5
60 55 45 30 10
0 40 80 120 160
PRV 10 30 2
Figure 4 Input File for Sample Problem
3-2
3.2 Preliminary Subfile
The first line of the preliminary subfile must contain the word ALLWET.
The second line of the preliminary subfile must contain a title (up to 79
characters) for the data set. ALLWET prints the title as the data is read,
before every analysis during interactive use, and on all printed output.
The third line must have either HAZEN or MANNING starting in the first
column, to indicate the use of either the Hazen-Williams or Manning flow
equation.
The units to be used are designated by the digits in the first seven
columns of the fourth line:
(i) Pipe length and coordinate system (if used),
1. thousands of feet 2. feet 3. meters
(ii) Pipe diameter
1. inches 2. feet 3. centimeters 4. meters
(iii) Flow
1. Imp. mgd 2. U.S. mgd 3. cfs
4. Imp gpm 5. U.S. gpm 6. liters/sec
(iv) Hydraulic grade line (head)
1. feet 2. centimeters
(v) Elevation
1. feet 2. meters
(vi) Pressure
1. psi 2. grams/cm2
(vii) Flow velocity
1. ft/sec 2. meters/sec
An optional EPSILON line may come next, having the word EPSILON followed
3-3
a number. This specifies the accuracy to which pipe flows will be calculated,
and should be set to one tenth the maximum tolerable error. If no EPSILON line
is included, ALLWET assumes a value depending upon the units of pipe flow: .00001
for Imp mgd, U.S. mgd or cfs; .01 for Imp or U.S. gpm; and .0001 for
liters/second. These default values are usually adequate.
Before any analysis, ALLWET multiplies all positive nodal demands by a
number designated as PERC. ALLWET assumes this number equals 1.0 unless a
line with PERC followed by a corresponding value appears at this point in the
file. Section 2.1 explains the use of PERC.
This next line is necessary only if the coordinate system used has a
negatively oriented horizontal or vertical axis. This line contains the word
AXES followed by two numbers. The first is +1 (-1) if the horizontal axis is
positively (negatively) oriented. The second number provides the same
information for the vertical axis.
All multiplicative factors are assumed equal 1.0 unless changed by MULT
lines, each containing six items
(a) MULT
(b) Node classification (integer from 1 to 10) for which multiplicative
factors are to be specified
(c) Multiplicative factors for demands A, B, C, and D for this node
classification (four numeric values)
3-4
3.3 Node Subfile
The first line of the node subfile has NODES in the first five columns,
followed optionally by the number of nodes. This number, if indicated is used
only as a consistency check.
Each node in the system is then described by one or two lines, the first
of which has the following information
(a) Node classification (integer from 1 to 10)
(b) Node name (alphanumeric characters, no spaces and no punctuation
marks, except possibly one hyphen)
(c) Elevation of node (in units indicated by the fifth column of the
units line from the preliminary subdeck)
(d) Demand values A, B, C, and D (in indicated units of flow). Any
values not given are assumed zero. However, all four values must
be specified if coordinate values (items e and f) are given
(e) Horizontal coordinate (in units indicated on the first column of the
units line)
(f) Vertical coordinate
If the node classification is omitted, the node classification of the
previous node is used. If not given, the node classification for the first
node is assumed 1. WARNING: Node classification is required when the node name
is an integer between 1 and 10. If you do not heed this, ALLWET reads the node
name as a node classification.
The coordinate values should not be given or entered as zero when no
coordinate system is used.
The second line is included only if the node has a pressure
setting:
(a) The word PRESSURE
(b) Value of pressure setting
3-5
During flow-pressure calculations, only one of the following four
constraints may be in effect at each node: the flow, the pressure, the head
(i.e., a type 1 reservoir), or the head-flow relationship (i.e. a type 2
reservoir). Thus, during an analysis, the demand values for any node having a
fixed pressure or reservoir (cf. Section 2.3) are disregarded.
3.4 Pipe Subfile
The first line of the pipe subfile contains the word PIPES in the first
five columns followed optionally by the number of pipes for which data will
follow.
Each pipe is described by one or two lines. The first line, required for
every pipe contains:
(a) Identifying number for pipe
(b) Name of "from" node. This must be an existing node.
(c) Name of "to" node. This must be an existing node,
distinct from the "from" node.
(d) Diameter of pipe (in proper units)
(e) Hazen-Williams or Manning roughness factor
(f) Length of pipe (in proper units)
(g) Number of pseudonodes (1, 2, or 3; leave blank if zero)
The number of pseudonodes may be indicated only if a coordinate system is
being used. The second line for a pipe, which is used only if there are
pseudonodes, has the following:
(a) Horizontal, then vertical coordinate of pseudonode closest
to "from" node
(b) Horizontal, then vertical coordinate or pseudonode next
closest to "from" node
3-6
(c) Horizontal, then vertical coordinate of pseudonode
closest to "to" node
If a coordinate system is used, the length may be entered as zero. In
this case the length will be calculated as the sum of the lengths of the line
segments connecting the "from" node, the successive pseudonodes (if any) and
the "to" node. Such a calculation is only an approximation and does not
consider changes in elevation. The length must be specified if no coordinate
system is used.
3-7
3.5 Reservoir Subfile
Each reservoir requires one or more lines. The data for the first
follows:
(a) The letters RESE
(b) Node at which reservoir is located
(c) Gradient constant (in units of head, not units of elevation if the
two are different--cf. discussion of reservoirs in Section 2.3)
(d) Fraction of all in flow from reservoirs estimated to come from
this reservoir (cf. discussion of reservoirs in section 2.3)
(e) Number of points on H-Q curve for this reservoir (maximum of 30).
Must be specified only for type 2 reservoirs, and must be omitted
or specified as zero for type 1 reservoirs.
(f) Number of pumps in parallel, each having given pump curve.
Necessary only for type 2 reservoirs. Assumed 1 if omitted
for type 1 reservoirs.
Type 2 reservoirs need additional lines to denote the points along the
H-Q curve. The H values are given in decreasing order along the curve (cf.
Figure 2). As many lines as needed may be used. The units of head must be
used for these values. Starting on a new line the corresponding Q values, in
increasing order, are then given. The units of flow must be used for these.
In performing an analysis, ALLWET treats nodes with set pressures as type
1 reservoirs. The sum of the number of reservoirs and the number of nodes
where the pressure is set may not exceed 25, a more than adequate number.
3-8
3.6 Booster Pump Station Subfile
Each booster pump station requires three or more lines. The first of
these has:
(a) The word BOOSTER
(b) Number of the pipe where the booster pump station is located
(c) Number of points on H-Q curve (maximum of 30)
(d) Number of pumps in parallel, each having given pump curve.
If no value given, 1 assumed.
The remaining lines describe the pump curve, in the same manner as de-
scribed for reservoirs. No more than 25 booster pump stations may be in the
system. This should not restrict applicability of ALLWET.
3.7 Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Subfile
Each pressure reducing valve requires one line with the
following:
(a) The letters PRV
(b) Pipe number of the PRV
(c) Limiting pressure to be maintained by PRV at downstream
node of pipe
(d) Number of velocity heads lost through PRV when it is not
operating
(e) Associated reservoir for PRV (cf. description of PRVs in
previous chapter). If left blank, ALLWET makes an arbitrary
(and not necessary good) selection.
3-9
3.8 Check Valve Subfile
Each check valve line designates pipes where check valves
are located:
(a) The word CHECK
(b) Pipe numbers for check valves (as many as will fit on the line).
3-10
