home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- DISCLAIMER: Please refer to the CLIMEX licence agreement for
- conditions of use applying to this Bufo marinus parameter file.
-
- SPECIES NAME: Bufo marinus (cane toad)
-
- GENERAL COMMENTS: Distribution maps used were from Bennett 1996;
- van Beurden 1981; Sutherst et al. 1996
-
- This file is different to previous versions (eg, Sutherst, Floyd and
- Maywald 1996). Any analyses using the 1996 parameter values will
- give slightly different results to analyses using this parameter file. All
- publications prior to March 1998 referring to CLIMEX analyses for this
- species will have used the Sutherst, Floyd and Maywald 1996
- parameter values.
-
- This file was created by Tania Yonow in March 1998.
-
- References:
-
- Bennett, B. (1996). Preparing for battle with Bufo marinus. Ecos 89:
- 28-30.
- Floyd, R.B. (1984). Variation in temperature preference with stage of
- development of Bufo marinus larvae. Journal of Herpetology 18:
- 153-158.
- Niven, B.S. (1988). Logical synthesis of an animal's environment:
- sponges to non-human primates. V. The cane toad, Bufo marinus.
- Australian Journal of Zoology 36: 169-194.
- Sutherst, R.W., Floyd, R.B. and Maywald, G.F. (1996). The potential
- geographical distribution of the cane toad, Bufo marinus L. in Australia.
- Conservation Biology 10: 294-299.
- van Beurden, E. (1981). Bioclimatic limits to the spread of Bufo marinus
- in Australia: a baseline. Proceedings of the Australian Ecological
- Society 11: 143-149.
-
- PARAMETERS
-
- Temperature Comments: Water temperatures given in Floyd 1984
- were considered to be several degrees cooler than
- ambient air temperatures.
- DV0: From Niven 1988
- DV1: Consistent with van Beurden 1981 & Floyd 1984
- (Adults have a preference for temperatures of 17-27C,
- larvae prefer temperatures of 26.7 - 30.4C - Floyd 1984)
- DV2: Consistent with Floyd 1984 (maximum water temperature
- preference of larvae = 30.4C)
- DV3: Consistent with van Beurden 1981; Niven 1988
- PDD:
- Moisture Comments: Set to fit with the known distribution
- SM0: Set to restrict distribution in central Australia & dry
- northern regions of Mexico
- SM1:
- SM2:
- SM3: Set to allow persistence where there is runoff
- Diapause Comments: N/A
- DPD0:
- DPT0:
- DPT1:
- DPD:
- DPSW:
- Light Comments: N/A
- LT0:
- LT1:
- Cold Stress Comments:
- TTCS: Repeated frosts are not well tolerated (van Beurden
- 1981; Niven 1988)
- THCS: Rate set to allow 4 consecutive weeks of frosts before
- precluding persistence in a location
- DTCS: Set to complement the frost limitation & restrict
- distribution in S. America
- DHCS: Rate set to allow some stress to accumulate at Mt.
- Tamborine (Australia), where the toad is known to
- occur and breed.
- Heat Stress Comments:
- TTHS: Set to DV3
- THHS: Rate set reasonably high, as toads cannot withstand
- extended exposures to high temperatures (van
- Beurden 1981)
- DTHS:
- DHHS:
- Dry Stress Comments:
- SMDS: Set at SM0
- HDS: Rate set reasonably high, as toads need moisture
- Wet Stress Comments: Wet Stress does not apply, as the cane toad
- needs plenty of water, as well as standing water in
- which to breed.
- SMWS:
- HWS:
- Cold/Dry Stress Comments: N/A
- DTCD:
- MTCD:
- PCD:
- Cold/Wet Stress Comments: N/A
- DTCW:
- MTCW:
- PCW:
- Hot/Dry Stress Comments: N/A
- TTHD:
- MTHD:
- PHD:
- Hot/Wet Stress Comments: N/A
- TTHW:
- MTHW:
- PHW: