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- INTRODUCTION TO PACKET RADIO - PART 6 - by Larry Kenney, WB9LOZ
-
- In the previous section we discussed the basics of using a packet bulletin
- board system. Now let's look at the BBS commands in more detail. This
- information is based on the W0RLI software so some of the commands might
- vary slightly on systems using different software, such as REBBS, MSYS,
- WA7MBL, etc. Use H (HELP) on your BBS if you find that a command doesn't
- work as described here.
-
- LIST COMMAND: The first thing you should do when logging on to a BBS is to
- use the LIST command. There are many variations available, but L, by
- itself, is the one used most often.
- L (List) - Lists all new messages, except other users' personal
- messages, that have been entered since you last logged in.
- If you want to list specific messages, you may use one of the following
- variations of the L command:
- LM - (List Mine) - Lists all messages addressed to you.
- Lx - Lists all messages of the type designated by 'x'. Example:
- LB will list all bulletins.
- L # - Lists messages back to and including number #. Example:
- L 4050 will list all messages, except personal messages to
- others, from the latest one back to #4050.
- LL #- Lists the last # messages. Example: LL 20 lists the last 20
- messages received at the BBS, excluding other's personal
- messages.
- L 1 - Lists ALL non-personal messages.
- L> callsign - Lists all messages TO callsign indicated. Example:
- L> N6XYZ
- L< callsign - Lists all messages FROM callsign indicated. Example:
- L< N6XYZ
- L@ designator - Lists all messages that have that "designator" in
- the @ BBS column of the message header. Example: L@ ALLCAN
- will list all messages with ALLCAN in the @ BBS column.
-
- READ COMMAND: To read a message, you enter R followed by a space then the
- message number. Example: To read message 5723, you'd enter: R 5723. You
- also have the option of using the RH command, which will give you all of
- the forwarding headers in detail, rather than just giving you the path.
- Example: To read message 5723 with the full headers, you'd enter RH 5723.
- There is one other version of the READ command, and that's RM. Entering RM
- by itself will give you all of the messages addressed to you that have not
- yet been read.
-
- ERASING MESSAGES: Once you have read a personal message, please erase it.
- The sysop will appreciate your help in clearing up "dead" messages. You use
- the K - KILL command to do this. You can enter K #, such as K 5723, which
- will erase that particular message, or you can enter KM, which will erase
- all of the personal messages you have read. If you use the KM command, the
- BBS will list the message numbers for you as they're killed.
-
- THE "S" COMMAND: S (Send) and (Status): The letter S by itself will give
- you a reading of the BBS status on W0RLI systems, showing the callsigns of
- stations using the system, the time they connected, the ports and tasks
- they're using, etc. It also shows information on the messages waiting for
- users and those waiting to be forwarded to other bulletin board systems.
- S, by itself, on other systems will either prompt you for further
- information on sending a message, or it will give you an "illegal command"
- error prompt.
-
- To use the "S" command for sending a message it must be further defined.
- There are three types of messages found on a packet bulletin board system:
- Personal, Bulletin, and Traffic.
- "SP" is used for sending a personal message to one other station,
- "SB" for sending a bulletin, and
- "ST" for sending a message that's going to be handled by the
- National Traffic System.
- You're able to send a message to one particular person, to everyone on the
- local BBS, to everyone at every BBS in Northern California, in Southern
- California, in the entire state, or all across the entire country. It all
- depends on your addressing.
-
- At the BBS prompt you enter the appropriate command (SP, SB, or ST)
- followed by a space and then the addressee. The addressee can be a
- callsign or it can be something of a general nature, such as ALL, QST,
- ARES, etc. Examples: SP WB9LOZ SB ALL SB SALE
- All commands, of course, must be followed by a <CR>.
-
- If you wish to send the message to someone at another BBS, you have to
- indicate the call of the other BBS and the two letter abbreviation of the
- state it's located in following the call of the addressee. For example, to
- send a message to N5PQ, who uses the W5XYZ BBS in Texas, you would enter:
- SP N5PQ @ W5XYZ.TX
- The BBS call and the state abbreviation are separated by a period. This is
- the bare minimum required for delivery of messages going out of state. A
- more complete system of addressing is available. It's helpful in directing
- your messages to stations in the U.S more quickly and is required for
- messages going to stations outside of the U.S. It's called hierarchical
- addressing, and its covered in detail in the next part of this series.
-
- To send a general message or bulletin to more than just the local BBS, you
- need to use a designator in place of the BBS call. The designator
- indicates the area where you want the message distributed. In northern
- California,
- ALLCAN indicates that you want the message sent to all Northern
- California BBSs, which includes all of them from Santa Cruz,
- Gilroy, and Fresno northward.
- ALLCAS is used to send a message to all BBSs in the southern part
- of the state.
- ALLCA is used for sending a message to EVERY BBS in the state.
- ALLUSW is used for distribution to CA, AZ, NV, OR, WA and ID.
- USA is the designator to use for sending a message to EVERY BBS
- IN THE USA. Extreme care should be used when using the USA
- designator. Please make sure that the subject matter is of
- interest to packet users everywhere and please keep the
- message as short as possible. "For Sale" messages should
- NOT be sent with the @ USA designator. The National HF
- Packet Network is somewhat fragile, due to varying band
- conditions, so unnecessary traffic can keep more important
- traffic from getting through.
- Here are a few examples of how you would correctly address a bulletin-type
- message for general distribution:
- SB ALL @ ALLCAN SB SALE @ ALLCA SB QST @ ALLCAS SB AMSAT @ USA
-
- If you have traffic for the National Traffic System, you must use a special
- format. NTS messages are entered as ST ZIPCODE @ NTSXX, where the XX is
- the two-letter state abbreviation. Examples:
- ST 03452 @ NTSNH ST 60626 @ NTSIL
-
- When you have the address line of your message complete, you enter a
- carriage return (<CR>). You'll then receive a prompt asking for the
- SUBJECT or TITLE of the message. Enter a brief description of what the
- message will be about, followed by a <CR>. Next, you'll be asked to enter
- the TEXT of the message. When entering the text, you should insert
- carriage returns at the end of each line, as if you were typing a letter.
- A normal line has a maximum of 80 characters, so when you have 70 to 75
- characters typed, enter a carriage return and continue on the next line.
- This will prevent words from wrapping around to the next line and the
- program inserting an unnecessary blank line in the text. After you have
- completed the text, you end the message with a CONTROL Z. (You send a
- CONTROL Z by holding down both the CONTROL key and the Z key simultan-
- eously.) You must follow the CONTROL Z with a carriage return. (Some
- systems will also allow you to use /ex to end a message.) When you receive
- the BBS prompt, you'll know that the message has been accepted by the
- system.
-
- FILE DIRECTORY COMMANDS:
- W (What) - Entering W, by itself, gives you a list of the directories
- available on the BBS along with an associated letter for each directory,
- called the directory ID.
- Wd - Gives a list of the files in the directory indicated by d. The
- "d" is the directory ID you obtain with the W command.
-
- D (Download) - Used for reading files from a directory. Must be used
- with a directory ID and filename using the following form: Dd filename
- The "d", again, is the directory ID and the filename must be entered
- exactly as listed in the directory. Example: DG FCCEXAM.INF
-
- U (Upload) - Used for uploading (sending) a file to the BBS. The
- command must be used with a directory ID, followed by the filename you're
- assigning to the file, using the form: Ud filename. The d indicates the ID
- of the directory where you want to enter the file. Filenames can have up
- to 8 characters preceding the dot and 3 characters following the dot.
- Example: UM FLEAMKT.INF would upload a file named FLEAMKT.INF into the
- directory with the M ID. The BBS program will not allow you to upload a
- file with a filename that already exists, and some directories are set by
- your local sysop for downloading only.
-
- GENERAL MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS:
- I (Info) - Gives you details on the hardware, software and RF
- facilities of the BBS you're using, or on some systems, a page of upcoming
- events, helpful hints, or other useful information.
-
- J - Displays a listing of stations that were heard by the BBS or that
- connected to the BBS. Must be used with a port identifier, such as JA, JB,
- etc. J by itself will list the port IDs for you.
-
- M (Monitor) - Used for monitoring the activity on another port of the
- BBS. Must be used with a port identifier, such as MA, MB, etc. M by itself
- will list the port IDs. (Not available on all systems.)
-
- B (Bye) - When you're finished using the BBS, you enter a B to
- disconnect.
-
- HELP DOCUMENT: Every BBS has help available for the user. Simply enter an
- H and follow the directions given. In most cases, an H followed by a space
- and then the letter of the command you want help on will give you the
- specific information you need. For example, if you wanted to know more
- about the Download command, you would enter H D at the prompt.
-
- There are other commands available that are specific to the particular
- software being used. Check your local BBS for a complete list of the
- commands available to you.
-
- - - - -
-