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- INTRODUCTION TO PACKET RADIO - PART 3 - by Larry Kenney, WB9LOZ
-
- In Part 2 I talked about how to get on the air and make your first QSO.
- Now let's take a look at some of the commands that are available in your
- TNC to help improve your station operation.
-
- TNC COMMANDS: The TNC, or Terminal Node Controller, that "little black box"
- we've talked about in the past, has more than 100 different commands for
- you to use. You're able to customize your packet operating with these
- commands and turn on and off various features as you wish. Not all TNCs
- are exactly alike, but all have pretty much the same functions. I'll be
- using the commands used by the TNC2 and clones in my examples.
-
- We covered a few of the commands previously: CONTROL C for entering command
- mode, MYCALL, MONITOR, CONNECT, and DISCONNECT. Now let's discuss a few
- that can change the way your station functions.
-
- ECHO: This command tells the TNC whether or not it should send what you
- type back to the monitor screen. If you don't see anything when you type,
- set ECHO to ON. IIff yyoouu sseeee ddoouubbllee, like that, set ECHO to
- OFF. This setting will depend on how your particular computer system
- functions.
-
- CONV (converse mode): Your TNC will automatically switch to this mode
- when you connect with someone, but you can also do it by entering CONV (CR)
- at the Cmd: prompt. When in converse mode, anything you type will be
- transmitted via the path you set with UNPROTO. (See the next paragraph.)
- Anyone in monitor mode will be able to read what you transmit. Packets in
- converse mode are sent only once and are not acknowledged, so there is no
- guarantee that they'll get through. This mode is used frequently for
- sending CQ's.
-
- UNPROTO: This command designates the path used when in converse mode. The
- default is CQ, but you can enter a series of digipeaters if you wish, or a
- specific group or club name. Some examples:
- CQ v WB6SDS-2,W6SG-1,AJ7L SFARC v W6PW-1,W6PW-4
- Remember, you have to change UNPROTO for use on different frequencies,
- unless you leave it set simply to "CQ".
-
- FRACK: This determines how long your TNC will wait for an acknowledgement
- before resending a packet. It shouldn't be set too short, or you simply
- clutter up the frequency, yet it shouldn't be too long, or you'll spend too
- much time waiting. I use FRACK set to 7, and have found that to be an
- overall good value.
-
- DWAIT: Used to avoid collisions, DWAIT is the number of time units the
- TNC will wait after last hearing data on the channel before it transmits.
- I have DWAIT set to 16, and have found that to work well.
-
- PACLEN: Determines the number of characters in your packets, ranging from
- 1 to 256. The more characters you send per packet, the longer it takes to
- transmit the information and the greater your chances are of noise,
- interference or another station wiping it out. I've found a PACLEN of 80,
- which is the length of one line, to be a good value. When working a
- station nearby, PACLEN can be increased. When working a distant station,
- it should be decreased.
-
- RETRY: Your TNC will retransmit a packet if it doesn't receive an
- acknowledgement from the station you're working. RETRY indicates the
- number of times the TNC will try to get the packet through before giving
- up and disconnecting. This can be set from 1 to 15, but I've found 8 to 10
- to work well. Less than that causes an unnecessary disconnect if the
- channel happens to be busy, but more than that clutters up the channel.
-
- The following TNC commands affect the monitoring mode and what you see on
- the screen:
-
- MONITOR: This must be ON for you to monitor anything. When ON, you see
- packets from other stations on the frequency you're tuned to. What packets
- you see is determined by other commands from the list below. If MONITOR is
- OFF, you see only packets sent to you while you're connected to another
- station.
-
- MALL: If MALL is ON, you receive packets from stations that are connected
- to other stations, as well as packets sent in unproto (unconnected) mode.
- This should be ON for "reading the mail". If MALL is OFF, you receive only
- packets sent in unproto mode by other stations.
-
- MCOM: If ON, you see connect <C>, disconnect <D>, acknowledge <UA> and
- busy <DM> frames in addition to information packets. If OFF, only
- information packets are seen.
-
- MCON: If ON, you see packets from other stations while you're connected
- to someone else. This can get very confusing, but is useful when your path
- is bad and you want to see if your packets are being digipeated okay. If
- OFF, the monitoring of other stations is stopped when you're connected to
- another station.
-
- MRPT: If ON, you see a display of all the stations used as digipeaters
- along with the station originating the packet and the destination station.
- If OFF, you see only the originating and destination stations. For
- example, if you have MRPT ON, you might see a transmission such as this:
- K9AT>WB6QVU,W6PW-5*: I'll be leaving for the meeting at about 7:30.
- If MRPT was OFF, the same transmission would look like this:
- K9AT>WB6QVU: I'll be leaving for the meeting at about 7:30.
- In the first case, you can see that the W6PW-5 digipeater was being used.
- The asterick indicates which station you were hearing the packet from. In
- the second case you have no idea if digipeaters are being used or what
- station you were receiving.
-
- HEADERLN: If you have this turned ON, the header of each packet is
- printed on a separate line from the text. If OFF, both the header and
- packet text are printed on the same line.
-
- MSTAMP: Monitored packets have the date and the time the packet was
- received if MSTAMP is ON. If it's OFF, the date/time stamp is not shown.
-
- I run my station with all of these commands, except MCON, turned ON so that
- I can really see what's happening on the frequency I'm monitoring. Try
- various combinations of these commands and then decide on the combination
- you like best for your station.
-
- - - - -
-