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- N-1-2-020.10.2 Cultivation of E-Mail Use Among Social Science and
- Humanities Institutes of The Russian Academy of Sciences by Alexandra
- V. Belyaeva*, <abelyaeva@home.vega.msk.su>, and Michael Cole**
- <mcole@ucsd.edu>
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- Our research on the development of joint activity between Russian and
- American scientists began in the fall of 1985. For the first few
- years of our work, we focused on issues of learning and development
- mediated by computer networks linked through satellites. (For a
- preliminary report of this work see Belyaeva & Cole, 1989, referenced
- below.) With the opening of Relcom and the prospect of Russian
- participation in EARN, we moved our activities to the internet.
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- Until the events of August, 1991 our efforts were necessarily limited
- in active discussion with the remaining social science and humanities
- institutes in an attempt to help them enter the era of
- computer-network mediated, international, and scientific activity.
-
- In tracking and facilitating the growth of e-mail mediated activity,
- we have combined interview methods with the writing of detailed
- fieldnotes of discussions with administrators and everyday scientific
- users, in addition to simple measures of traffic. We have found that
- initial responses to the possibility of using e-mail as a medium of
- scientific exchange share certain similar features, regardless of the
- institutional role of the person in question. At the same time, there
- are very marked differences associated with the position of the
- individual within his/her institute's bureaucratic hierarchy and the
- subject matter addressed by the institute.
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- By and large, people have had a very difficult time grasping the basic
- properties of e-mail. When first contacted and asked about their
- interest in using this mode of communication, most people's initial
- response was something like, "Why do I need such a thing? We have
- telex facilities (or fax machines) at our institute." Verbal
- descriptions of the nature of e-mail mediated work did not suffice;
- people needed demonstrations and explanations that included successful
- attempts to contact someone abroad and reception of an answer within
- 24 hours. Once they grasped the main idea, next reactions were
- sharply differentiated by status. High ranking officials were
- generally negative about the possibility of e-mail; everyday
- scientists and graduate students were much more enthusiastic.
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- Several reasons may be deduced for this difference in orientations, but
- the fact that productive e-mail use is decentralized and radically
- heterochronous makes it anathema to top-down systems of controlled
- communication (the traditional Russian model).
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- The work is ongoing. We welcome comments, inquiries, and suggestions
- for our work.
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- References:
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- Belyaeva, A.V., & Cole, M. (1989). Computer-mediated joint
- activity in the service of human development: An overview.
- Quarterly Newsletter of the Laboratory of Comparative
- Human Cognition, 11, (Whole #3).
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- * Vega International Laboratory, Moscow
- ** Communication Department, U.C. San Diego, California, USA
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