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- N-1-1-040.52 What's Important in Coordinating Internet Activities
- Internationally, Steven N. Goldstein*, sgoldste@cise.cise.nsf.gov
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-
- The opportunity to write comes on the heels of the November 13-15,
- 1991 meetings of the Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental
- Research Networking (CCIRN), generally pronounced "kern", and its
- engineering advisory body, the Intercontinental Engineering Planning
- Group (IEPG), in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. These were followed the
- next week by the meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force
- (IETF), including a session of its Operational Requirements Area
- Directorate (ORAD), also in Santa Fe. In addition, the Federation of
- American Research Networks (FARNET) met jointly with the ORAD. All of
- these groups are concerned with a central issue: maintaining stability
- in the Internet and encouraging network interconnection architectures
- and engineering practices which in one way or another fit people's
- views of "optimality". I was not able to attend the IETF/ORAD or
- FARNET meetings, and the minutes and business of the CCIRN and IEPG
- meetings have not yet been finalized. So, I will not attempt to
- report on those events per se, but rather, I will present a general
- discussion of the ideas that face us all in this arena.
-
- I recently read an article about bulletin boards which referred to
- Fidonet in terms like "chaotic, self-organizing beast", and, by
- juxtaposing the Internet implied similar qualities for our collective
- body. There may be a ring of truth to that, especially by limited
- analogy with fractals in Chaos Theory: LANs connect to MANs and WANs,
- and, now WANs are connecting into super-WANs, and the trend may take
- even higher steps of organizing. Yet, this is being done without any
- central authority. In the U.S., many campuses have several levels of
- LANs which may ultimately connect to the regional WAN. The regional
- WAN connects to the NSFNET WAN. Some regional WANs also connect
- directly to other regional WANs. Also, portions of a campus may
- connect to the ESnet or the NASA Science Internet WAN, or to the
- Terrestrial Wideband Net. And, the NSFNET, ESnet, NSI and TWB WANs
- connect to each other at two Federal Internet eXchanges, FIXs. But,
- similar things are happening among commercial nets in the U.S., and
- the CIX (for Commercial Internet eXchange) Association has formed
- CIXs. There have been proposals to link FIXs and CIXs into National
- EXchanges (NEXs). There is talk of one or more CIXs in Europe.
- Japanese research and academic networks are talking of a JIX. A
- proposed European Backbone, Ebone, would create a supra-national
- network infrastructure to which national and [intracontinental]
- international European nets would connect at main nodes, again
- WAN-to-super-WAN.
-
- If one were to visualize each network as a chain link with shape
- somehow indicative of topology and link thickness and size
- representing network size (number of connections, traffic levels,
- capacities, etc.), the result would be a three-dimensional mail
- (fabric). Some network researchers, engineers and operators assert
- that the fluttering of the wings of a butterfly in some distant link
- can cause huge storms throughout the net. Less whimsically stated,
- some of my colleagues maintain that the present state of Internet
- technology is not up to the task of protecting the stability of their
- networks from poor engineering choices in neighboring networks. And,
- as the technology catches on throughout the world, new links continue
- to materialize, as do new connections among them. New tools are being
- developed to try to cope with this, especially hierarchical routing
- protocols (e.g., the Border Gateway Protocol - BGP) and the ability to
- interject policy into routing decisions (policy-based routing). So,
- it is a race of sorts between the proliferation of scale and
- complexity and tools designed to cope with them to preserve stability
- and performance.
-
- This, then, is the context as I see it. And the question(s), as yet
- unsolved: "Can we, collectively, create a forum for exchanging
- information and evaluating proposed linkages before the fact in order
- to preserve stability and performance in the Internet?" And,
- relatedly, "Is it possible to have a shared sense of optimality
- against which alternative solutions emanating in the forum can be
- evaluated?" Finally, "Under what sets of circumstances might we
- expect individual network administrations to behave according to the
- best judgments of other network administrations represented in the
- forum?"
-
- The CCIRN and the IEPG and the IETF/ORAD and FARNET did not achieve
- closure on these issues this time around, and they may not do so in
- the next few rounds. Yet other bodies may have to join the forum as
- the Internet becomes increasingly populated with commercial interests.
- Yet, the quest must not be given up, because we all live together in
- the same flat address space, and in one way or another we will share
- similar fates if instabilities occur.
-
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- *Program Director, Interagency & International Networking
- Coordination, Division of Networking and Communications Research &
- Infrastructure, National Science Foundation.
-