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- SELF-EMPLOYED WEALTH
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- One of the greatest strategies of all for
- financial success is a successful business. If your
- business is profitable, that equity is the key to big
- money. In fact, the miracle of equity is that it
- builds itself. All you have to do is reinvest the
- profits successfully, and the value of the entity that
- made them will increase accordingly.
- And even if your business never becomes
- profitable, it can help cut your tax bill. Even if it
- never grows larger than a tiny "small" business, it can
- mean the difference between financial independence and
- life as a wage slave.
- The 1986 tax reforms rubbed off some of the shine,
- but a small business is still one of the best tax
- shelters. And, contrary to what you may have thought,
- starting your own enterprise doesn't require a radical
- departure from your current income.
- There are two ways you can profit from business
- ownership while, in effect, keeping your present job:
- independent contracting and a sideline business.
- A business of your own will help you realize a
- dream of financial independence. To succeed all you
- need is a motivation to succeed, some no-nonsense
- planning, a competitive spirit, and the energy to
- achieve your goals.
- In addition to equity, the most important
- component of self-employed wealth is that you are able
- to deduct many of your expenses.
- A regular corporation allows you to turn many
- items you might normally buy out of your own pocket
- with after-tax dollars into deductible expenses by
- making them tax-free fringe benefits the business
- provides for its employee -- you. You don't need to
- have any other employees to take advantage of
- incorporating.
- If you do have employees, the tax treatment of
- employee benefits is another advantage of incorporating
- your business. Tax rules recognize two general types
- of fringe benefits: those that are identified
- specifically, and those that fall into broader
- categories.
- Specific benefit plans that are tax-free to
- employees and deductible by the employer are:
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- * Accident and health insurance plans
- * Group-term life insurance up to $50,000
- * Prepaid legal services
- * Cafeteria or flexible-benefit plans
- * Vanpooling
- * Scholarships and fellowships
- * Dependent care assistance
- * Education assistance related to the employee's job
-
- Let's look at health insurance as an example of
- the advantage of incorporating. Many people who leave
- an employer to go out on their own are shocked by the
- health premium they have to pay on their own. A family
- plan with comprehensive coverage and dental benefits
- could cost you $400 a month or more. By incorporating,
- you can have your company provide your insurance and
- deduct it as a business expense.
- And the benefit does not count as income for your
- individual tax purposes. The restrictions on these
- plans require that the benefits be available to a
- reasonable cross section of employees, as defined by
- various mathematical formulas in the tax code and IRS
- regulations. Benefits will not be tax-free if they are
- available only to officers or highly compensated
- employees.
- Obviously, this does not present a real problem to
- the one-employee corporation. You must draft your
- benefit plans so that if you do hire permanent full-
- time employees in the future, they will be eligible for
- benefits.
- For small-corporation employees, one of the
- biggest of these benefits is tax-deductible life
- insurance. The most common way to get tax-deductible
- life insurance is through a group term insurance plan.
- An employee receives the first $50,000 of coverage tax-
- free and must include as income only a percentage of
- the premium attributable to coverage over $50,000.
- The taxable amount is determined by consulting an
- IRS table. The coverage for each employee must be
- provided using a formula that takes account of factors
- such as age, years of service, compensation, and
- position in the company. The employer must own the
- policy.
- A drawback to these plans is that coverage usually
- ends when an employee retires, and some retired
- employees continue to need life insurance. Coverage
- for retired employees is very expensive.
-
- When you own a business you may be able to...
-
- * turn "personal" expenses into tax-deductible dollars
- * split income among family members to avoid the
- effects of progressive tax rates
- * have the business pay you in tax-free fringe benefits
- instead of a taxable salary
- * deduct your vacation costs, under certain conditions
- * write off your home office
-
- But be sure to...
-
- * weigh the costs of going it alone
- * appear independent
- * keep good business records
- * follow closely the rules on employing family members
- * consult experts before setting up complex benefit
- plans
- * pay your estimated taxes each quarter
-
- General benefits
-
- Broad groups of benefits that receive tax
- advantages include the following:
-
- * No-additional-cost services are tax-free when
- provided by the employer (or another business under a
- reciprocal agreement with the employer), and the
- employer does not incur a substantial cost (including
- foregone revenue) in providing them. An example might
- be allowing your waiters to have free lunches at your
- restaurant. The service must be provided by the same
- line of business in which the employee works.
- * Qualified employee discounts are tax-free when the
- discounts do not exceed the employer's gross profit
- margin on the product. Discounts on services cannot
- exceed 20% of the price charged to other customers.
- Employee discounts must be from the line of business in
- which the employee works.
-
- * Working condition fringes are property or services
- that would be deductible trade or business expenses if
- the employee paid for them himself. Parking on or near
- the business premises is considered a working condition
- fringe benefit under the new law. The employer can
- deduct it, and the employee needn't count it as taxable
- income.
-
- * De minimis fringes are tax-free if their value is so
- small that accounting for the benefits is unreasonable
- or impractical. Typing a personal letter, cocktail
- parties, picnics, and holiday gifts are de minimis
- fringes. Personal use of a copying machine is tax-free
- if the employer can show that 85% of the machine's use
- is for business.
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