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- G L O S S A R Y O F F I L E N A M E E X T E N S I O N S
-
- Extensions give valuable clues to help identify file types. In
- fact, I believe that they are the key to computing success.
- However, these extensions are not written in stone. For example,
- on an MS-DOS system, a person can easily name or rename a file
- anything so long as the name is no more than eight characters in
- length, and the extension can't be more than three characters in
- length.
-
- Nevertheless, the file name extensions below are conventional and
- should help you identify file types. When I say "conventional," I
- mean that these extensions are used by the computer community at
- large to instantly communicate information.
-
- A person, who is knowledgeable about file name extensions, can take
- an unlabeled diskette and do a directory--DIR <ENTER>. From the
- directory, he or she can determine what programs are on the
- diskette and which files contain the manual, then proceed to
- sucessfully run the program--most of the time. So can you!
-
- .$$$ A temporary work file. Any file name extension that starts
- with a .$-- is probably a temporary work file. These are
- often erased (or should be) by the program which created
- them.
- .1ST Usually a text file with the name README.1ST. These often
- contain instructions for running software.
- .AFM An Adobe PostScript font support file.
- .ALL A WordPerfect file containing printer and font definitions.
- .ANS An ANSI graphics file.
- .ARC A compressed archived file. You can usually uncompress
- these by using PKUNPAK.EXE, by PKWARE, Inc., which is a
- shareware program.
- .ARJ A compressed archived file. You can extract these files
- using ARJ.EXE, by Robert K. Jung. This is a shareware
- program.
- .ART A graphics file for First Publisher.
- .ASC An ASCII text file.
- .ASM A file that is in assembly language source code.
- .ASP A script file used by Procomm.
- .AU Audio data file.
- .BAK A backup file. A backup file may save the day.
- .BAS Indicates the program is written in BASIC language. You
- need to load a BASIC language program to run these.
- .BAT A batch file. These can be run by just typing the file
- name.
- .BIN A binary file.
- .BIT A LOTUS Manuscript graphics file.
- .BLD A BSAVEd BASIC binary file. These are loaded with BLOAD.
- .BMP "Wallpaper" graphics file for Microsoft Windows.
- .C Indicates the source code for a program written in C
- language.
- .CAL A calendar file.
- .CAT A master catalog file used with MSBACKUP (DOS 6).
- .CDR A graphics file for Corel Draw.
- .CFG A configuration file. Sometimes it is necessary to modify
- these with your text editor.
- .CFN A configuration file.
- .CGM Computer Graphics Metafile.
- .CHK A file produced by the DOS CHKDSK command. These files are
- written to the root directory when you convert lost chains
- to files.
- .CLP A Windows file that has been saved to the clipboard.
- .COB A source code for COBOL language.
- .COD An object code file used by compilers.
- .COM A command file. These can be run by just typing the file
- name and pressing <ENTER>.
- .CPI Code page information files for foreign character sets.
- .CPL A Windows control panel file.
- .CRD A card file for Windows.
- .CRF A cross reference file.
- .CUT Halo I, II, III graphics file. Used by Dr. Halo program.
- .DAT A file containing data.
- .DB A Paradox data file.
- .DB2 A dBASE II file.
- .DB3 A dBASE III file.
- .DB4 A dBASE IV file.
- .DBF A database file. Used with dBASE or compatible programs.
- .DCT A dictionary file.
- .DEV A device driver file.
- .DHP A Dr. Halo PIC graphics format file.
- .DIB A device-independent bitmap graphics file.
- .DIC A dictionary file.
- .DIF Data Interchange Format. ASCII files used by spreadsheets.
- Or a differential backup catalog file used with MSBACKUP
- (DOS 6).
- .DIZ A text file found in shareware that describes the software.
- .DJP An HP softfont file for a Deskjet printer.
- .DLL Windows Dynamic Link Library file.
- .DOC Documentation text file. DOC files are often the manual for
- programs. It is IMPORTANT TO READ THESE FIRST. Use the DOS
- TYPE command, or you can use a text editor or most word
- processors. Just to keep you on your toes, Microsoft Word
- uses a .DOC extension for files it creates.
- .DRV Hardware driver. These interface your hardware.
- .DRW A graphics file used by Corel Draw.
- .DVP A DESQview configuration file.
- .DVR A device driver file.
- .DWG Autocad drawing file.
- .DXF An Autocad graphics file.
- .EPS Encapsulated PostScript file used by desktop publishing
- programs.
- .EXE Executable file. To run these, just type the file name and
- press <ENTER>. Look for these when you do a directory.
- .FMT A formatting file used by dBASE III.
- .FNT A font file.
- .FON A font file.
- .FOR A FORTRAN language source code file.
- .FOT A Windows file for a TrueType scalable outline font.
- .FOX A FoxBASE database file.
- .FRM A form file.
- .FUL A full backup catalog file used with DOS 6 MSBACKUP.
- .GDI A GEM Metafile.
- .GIF A CompuServe graphics file. Graphics Interchange Format.
- .GRP A Windows Group data file.
- .GX1 Show Partner graphics file.
- .H A C language header file.
- .HLP A help file. Sometimes these are text files.
- .HNT A file containing hints. Usually a game.
- .HPF HP/PCL printer Bitstream soft Fonts.
- .HPG A Hewlett Packard Graphics language file.
- .HST Often a text file showing the history of a particular
- program.
- .HYC A hyphenation list file for WordPerfect.
- .ICE A file compressed by LHice.
- .ICO Icon graphics file used by PROGMAN in Microsoft Windows.
- .IDX A FoxBASE database index file.
- .IFF A Deluxe Paint II graphics file.
- .IMG A GEM Paint graphics file which can often be used by desktop
- publishing programs.
- .INC An incremental backup file used with the DOS 6 MSBACKUP.
- .INF An INFormation file, usually a text file. Read it first.
- .INI A Windows initialization file.
- .ISF An IBM image support facility file.
- .JPG JPEG--Joint Picture Experts Group compressed graphics image
- file.
- .KEY KEYboard macro definition files.
- .LBM An IFF graphics file used by Deluxe Paint and others.
- .LIB A Library file used by a computer language compiler.
- .LST A text file consisting of a list of files.
- .LTR A letter file.
- .LZH A compressed archived file. To uncompress this type of
- file, you need LHA.EXE, by Haruyasu Yoshizaki. This is
- freeware.
- .MAC A MacPaint graphics file or a MACRO file.
- .MAN A file that contains the manual for a program. This is
- usually in the form of a text file.
- .ME Usually a text file with the name READ.ME. These can be
- read with the DOS TYPE command. You can also use an editor
- or word processor to view and print these files.
- .MID A MIDI audio file.
- .MNU A menu file or a mouse control file.
- .MOD A file to support data exchange between DOS and Windows.
- .MPG MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) movie files. You
- need an .MPG viewer like VMPEG by Stefan Eckhart for viewing.
- .MSP Microsoft Windows graphics file.
- .NAM A Print Shop "name file."
- .NDX A dBASE database index file.
- .NG A database file for Norton Guides.
- .NTX A dBASE index file.
- .OBJ An object code file.
- .OLD A file that has been backed-up by renaming the file.
- .OVL An overlay file.
- .OVR An overlay file.
- .P A text file that indicates Pascal language source code.
- .PAK A compressed archived file. To uncompress, you need a
- shareware program called PAK.EXE, by NoGate Consulting.
- .PAS A PASCAL programming file. The source code file.
- .PCC A graphics file used by Z-Soft. HINTâ– Rename these with a
- .PCX extension, and you can often use them in other
- programs.
- .PCD Kodak Photo-CD graphics files used for their CD-ROM format.
- .PCX A PC Paintbrush (Z-Soft) graphics file. These can often be
- used by desktop publishing programs.
- .PDF A Printer Definition File.
- .PDV A Microsoft Paintbrush device driver file.
- .PDX A Paradox file.
- .PGM A program binary file.
- .PIC A LOTUS graphics file, or graphics file used by PC Paint +,
- Grasp, and others.
- .PIF A Windows Program Information File
- .PIM A permanent image file used by some graphics programs.
- .PNM A New Print Shop "name file."
- .POG A New Print Shop graphics file.
- .PRD A printer definition file used by Microsoft Word, etc.
- .PRG A programming source file.
- .PRN Usually a text file that should be printed.
- .PRS A WordPerfect printer definition file.
- .PRT A file to be printed. Sometimes these are text files and
- contain the documentation or manual.
- .PSO PostScript PDL printer Bitstream softfonts file.
- .REC A Windows macro recorder file.
- .RLE A Run-Length-Encoded graphics file.
- .SAV A file that has been backed-up or a saved position in a
- game.
- .SCR A script file used by a telecommunications program or a
- screen file.
- .SCT A Lotus Manuscript screen capture text file.
- .SCX Graphics file for RIX/EGA and ColoRix programs.
- .SDN A compressed archived file distributed by SDN International.
- This is Fidonet's Shareware Distribution Network. To
- uncompress .SDN files dated 1993 and later, use ARJ.EXE
- version 2.41 or later. ARJ.EXE is a shareware program. SDN
- files prior to 1993 require PAK.EXE, by NoGate Consulting,
- to uncompress.
- .SDR A Printmaster "name file."
- .SET A backup set used with MSBACKUP.
- .SFL An HP PCL 4 bitmapped SoftFont file (Landscape orientation).
- .SFP An HP PCL 4 bitmapped SoftFont file (Portrait orientation).
- .SFS A SoftFont file indicating a Screen font.
- .SHP A Printmaster graphics file.
- .SK A SideKick Plus utility file.
- .STY Style files for WordPerfect.
- .SYS A device driver file. Usually you need to add a line to the
- CONFIG.SYS file to install these. The CONFIG.SYS file
- resides in the root directory of the boot disk.
- .TGA A file used by Targa 16.
- .THS A thesaurus file for WordPerfect.
- .TIF A graphics file called Tagged Image Format. Used by Aldus
- Pagemaker and other desktop publishing programs.
- .TMP A temporary file.
- .TST A test file.
- .TTF A Windows header file for a TrueType scalable outline font.
- .TUT A tutorial file.
- .TXT A text file. These often contain the directions for how to
- run a program. ASCII text files can be viewed using the DOS
- TYPE command or loaded into most editors and word
- processors.
- .UC2 A compressed file archived using UltraCompressor II from Ad
- Infinitum Programs (The Netherlands). You should obtain the
- self-extracting shareware program called UC2R2.EXE which
- contains the file to uncompress .UC2 files.
- .UPD An updated text file usually containing history.
- .VBX A Visual Basic control file.
- .VOC A Soundblaster sound file.
- .WAV A Windows sound file.
- .WK1 A LOTUS spreadsheet file for version 2.0.
- .WKE A LOTUS educational worksheet file.
- .WKQ A QUATTRO spreadsheet file.
- .WKS A LOTUS spreadsheet file for version 1A.
- .WMF A Windows Metafile graphics format file.
- .WPG A WordPerfect Graphics file for version 5.0 and later.
- .WPK A WordPerfect keyboard macro file.
- .WPM A WordPerfect Macro file.
- .WQ1 A spreadsheet file for Quattro 1.0.
- .WRI A text file for Windows Write.
- .WRK A Symphony spreadsheet file.
- .XLS An Excel spreadsheet file.
- .XLT A file containing translation tables.
- .XTP An Xtree overlay file.
- .ZIP A compressed archived file. You need PKUNZIP.EXE to
- uncompress and use these files. This is a shareware
- program. PKUNZIP is by PKWARE, Inc. You will want to
- obtain the latest version. At this writing it is
- PKZIP204G.EXE.
- .ZOO A compressed archived file. Requires ZOO.EXE to uncompress.
-
- Note* Those on the Internet need to know about dozens of
- other file name extensions. "Steve's Essential Internet Tips"
- will show how to get information on these and more!
-
-
- =======================================================
- This section is finished. Copyright (c) 1995 by
- Steven Woas. All rights reserved. Registered users of
- Modem Workshop receive "Steve's Essential Internet Tips"
- as a bonus.
-
- See OTHER PRODUCTS at the main menu for a description and
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- Steve's Essential Internet Tips
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- Learning DOS for the Complete Novice, 2nd edition
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