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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!well!sarfatti
- From: sarfatti@well.sf.ca.us (Jack Sarfatti)
- Subject: Isham's NATO 92' Lectures 3
- Message-ID: <BxDMoB.75B@well.sf.ca.us>
- Sender: news@well.sf.ca.us
- Organization: Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link
- Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1992 02:52:58 GMT
- Lines: 51
-
-
- Isham 3
- "6.2.2 Conditional probabilities in Conventional Quantum Theory
- ... Let the (mixed) state of a quantum system at some time t = 0 be p(o).
- In the Schrodinger representation, the state p(t) at time t is related to
- the t=0 state by the unitary transformation
-
- p(t) = U(t)p(0)U(t)^-1 (6.2.2)"
-
- [In my quantum connection gedanken experiment motivated by a history
- picture we need a nonlocal generalization
-
- p(t,t')= U(t,t')p(0)U(t,t')^-1 (6.2.2')
-
- for case of a pair of particles in which one particle is measured at t, the
- other at t' - and we should further generalize to include spatial
- locations. See Isham's eq. (6.2.8) below.]
-
- "where U(t) = e^tH/h. Therefore, if a measurement of an observable A is
- made at time t1, the probability that the result will lie in some subset a
- of the eigenvalue spectrum of the operator A is
-
- Prob(A in a,t1;p(0)0 = tr(P(A,a,t1)p(t1)) (6.2.3)
-
- where P(A,a,t1) is the Heisenberg-picture operator...
-
- P(A,a,t1) = U(t1)^-1P(A,a)U(t1) (6.2.4)
-
- ... and P(A,a) is operator that projects onto the subset a; for example...
-
- P(A,a) = Sum ai in a[|ai><ai|] (6.2.5)
-
- If the measurement of A yields a result lying in a, any further predictions
- must be made using the density matrix
-
- p(a) = {P(A,a,t1)p(0)P(A,a,t1)}/tr[P(A,a,t1)p(o)] (6.2.6)
-
- and the transformation
-
- p(t1) -> p(a) (6.2.7)
-
- is the [non-unitary! js] analog for density matrices of the familiar
- reduction of the state vector.
-
- Now let the system evolve until time t2 when a measurement of observable B
- is made..... the probability of finding B in a range b, ...conditional on A
- .. found to be in a at time t1, is
-
- Prob(B in b, t2|A ina,t1;p(0)) = tr(P(B,b,t2)p(a)) (6.2.8)"
-
-
-