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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!nntp-server.caltech.edu!brahm
- From: brahm@cco.caltech.edu (David E. Brahm)
- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Subject: Re: NEWS: Galileo Cleared of Heresy Charges by Vatican
- Date: 8 Nov 1992 02:57:06 GMT
- Organization: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
- Lines: 64
- Message-ID: <1dhvm2INN6e5@gap.caltech.edu>
- References: <1992Nov6.184051.24589@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> <1dg12pINNi8d@gap.caltech.edu> <1992Nov7.163126.20553@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: punisher.caltech.edu
- Summary: More Quantum Cosmology
-
- [I discussed the coordinate singularity at t=0 and Quantum Cosmology...]
-
- crb7q@kelvin.seas.Virginia.EDU (the ever-vigilant Cameron Randale Bass) says:
- > Simply saying that it is an inappropriate question of coordinates
- > seems to beg the question of 'beingness', since you clearly seem
- > to be saying that there is an initiating 'event'.
-
- To understand how quantum cosmology "explains" the universe, you must stop
- thinking in terms of sequential causation, i.e. that something (in t<0)
- "caused" the Big Bang (t=0), which subsequently evolved into the universe.
- There was no t<0. Nevertheless, we can ask about (relative) quantum
- probabilities for universes, and show that ours is "likely."
-
- > Um, like everyone else I enjoy getting 'something' out of 'nothing'. So
- > explain to me how one does this, in even the most general terms...
-
- Feynman's way of understanding why a baseball goes from the pitcher to the
- catcher along a parabolic path is that it "actually" goes along all
- possible paths, with each path weighted by a phase (called the "action"),
- and that every physical measurement actually probes the sum of these
- weighted paths (the "Feynman path integral"). For the most part these
- phases cancel each other out, except for a small subset of paths where the
- phase is stationary, so effectively the path which extremizes the action
- dominates the sum. The classical approximation is to consider only this
- path, and the extremization of the action is where classical equations of
- motion come from.
-
- For the universe, one can consider a sum of "histories," which are 4D
- manifolds with metrics (modulo diffeomorphisms). Hartle and Hawking
- proposed very simple boundary conditions, restrictions on the histories
- analogous to restricting the baseball to start at the pitcher and ending at
- the catcher: "This class consisted of curved spaces, without singularities,
- and which were of finite size, but which did not have boundaries or edges."
- This is called the "No Boundary" proposal.
-
- Once again, the sum over all histories is dominated by a small subset, and
- the task of quantum cosmology is to show that this dominant path is in fact
- the 4D macroscopic universe we call home.
-
- Thus the way we get "something out of nothing" is that we start with
- everything possible, all realizable universes, and show that our own
- dominates the path integral.
-
- I'll close with a quote from Hawking ("The Origin of the Universe") germane
- to our discussion:
- "...So God would not have the freedom to choose the initial
- conditions. Of course, God would still be free to choose the laws
- that the universe obeyed. However, this may not be much of a choice.
- There may only be a small number of laws, which are self-consistent,
- and which lead to complicated beings, like ourselves, who can ask the
- question: What is the nature of God. Even if there is only one,
- unique set of possible laws, it is only a set of equations. What is
- it that breathes fire into the equations, and makes a universe for
- them to govern? Is the ultimate unified theory so compelling that it
- brings about its own existence? Although Science may solve the
- problem of how the universe began, it can not answer the question: why
- does the universe bother to exist? Maybe only God can answer that."
-
- --
- Staccato signals of constant information, | David Brahm, physicist
- A loose affiliation of millionaires and | (brahm@cco.caltech.edu)
- billionaires and Baby ... |---- Carpe Post Meridiem! --
- These are the days of miracle and wonder, | Disclaimer: I only speak
- And don't cry, Baby, don't cry, don't cry. | for the sensible folks.
-