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- Path: sparky!uunet!wupost!waikato.ac.nz!aukuni.ac.nz!kcbbs!kc
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech
- Subject: Re: Hypotheses (was: Re: Assumptions vs.
- Message-ID: <10292316.69870.6891@kcbbs.gen.nz>
- From: Hakki_Kocabas@kcbbs.gen.nz (Hakki Kocabas)
- Date: 12 Nov 92 19:24:30 GMT
- Organization: Kappa Crucis Unix BBS, Auckland, New Zealand
- Lines: 94
-
- > In article <1992Nov1.082333.44291@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> miner@kuhub.cc.ukans.e
- > >In article <1992Oct26.215238.102458@Cookie.secapl.com>, frank@Cookie.secapl
- > >> It has since that discussion occurred to me that simultaneous interpretat
- > >> on multiple levels is not strictly necessary, and may in fact be false (t
- > >> is, very unusual) psychologically. It suffices that when the truth of
- > >> statement is falsified at the accepted level of precision, there is a
- > >> fallback to a less precise interpretation; and that this fallback is
- > >> understood by both speaker and listener. This, I hope you will agree, is
- > >> fairly common.
- > >
- > >We are in *partial* agreement here. It is assumed in pragmatics that a
- > >hearer normally takes an utterance to be meaningful and tries
- > >various strategies in order to find an interpretation. However, in
- > >contrast to your formulation, I would claim along with other
- > >pragmaticists that the *speaker* knows what level of precision he
- > >intends to convey at the time of utterance;
- >
- > We are in complete agreement to this point.
- >
- > > when you say "this
- > >fallback is understood by both speaker and hearer" I feel you are
- > >describing something special that happens or is supposed to happen
- > >in scientific discourse, specifically, when a scientific hypothesis is
- > >stated.
- >
- > I am talking about a different phenomenon. What I am saying is that,
- > assuming that the speaker and hearer have reached the same interpretation of
- > the original statement, when that interpretation is later falsified, they do
-
- in other words they have acknowledge that they understood each other..
-
- > not thereafter always discard the statement entirely. Instead, they change
- > the level of precision at which the statement is interpreted. Neither need
-
- would they still talk about 'interpretation' ?
-
- > have considered this alternative interpretation at the time the statement
- > was made, but they will fall back to approximately the same interpretation.
- >
- > I think this occurs with at least two kinds of statements: hyphotheses and
- > observations. Not only scientific hypotheses have this kind of property; th
-
- you mean reports of observation according to the frame-work of the theory..
-
- > hypotheses of a detective investigating a crime will behave the same way.
- >
- > For observations, the fall back occurs because observations are known to be
- > imprecise. A person can easily think he saw something slightly different
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- > from what he actually saw. A small discrepancy is generally assumed to be
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
- intelligence rejects such a sentence:
- > he saw something slightly different from what he actually saw.
- ^^^ ^^^
- it should read:
- He saw something slightly different from what he expected to see, according
- to the theory...
-
- Because;
- "observing" is
- Roughly this: putting oneself into the most favourable situation to
- receive certain impressions with the purpose, for instance,
- of describing them. [LWPP 7e]
-
- Of course in the practice of scientific observations, the description
- should be done according to the theory....to be understood by other
- scientists who are familiar with the theory.
-
- To observe is not equal to look at or to view. (LWPP ??e)
-
- One observes in order to see what one would not see if one did not
- observe. (LWPP ??e)
-
- which amounts:
- > he saw something slightly different from what he actually saw.
- to:
- > he was not observing....
- or:
- > he failed to observe...
-
- > such an error.
-
- no such error.
-
- > My earlier suggestion that people actually make statements with multiple
- > intended levels of interpretation comes, I think, from this phenomenon. A
- > sophisticated speaker and listener with respect to these kinds of statements
- > will realize that this kind of fallback will (conditionally) occur, and
- > actually be aware of both levels at the time of the utterance. This is
- > especially common with scientific hypotheses, since any trained scientist
- > has dealt with a large number of hypotheses.
-
- I didn't have time to consider this part...
-