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- From: jeff@aiai.ed.ac.uk (Jeff Dalton)
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech
- Subject: Re: Dualism
- Message-ID: <7891@skye.ed.ac.uk>
- Date: 10 Nov 92 17:37:59 GMT
- References: <1992Nov4.133442.22560@oracorp.com>
- Sender: news@aiai.ed.ac.uk
- Organization: AIAI, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
- Lines: 92
-
- In article <1992Nov4.133442.22560@oracorp.com> daryl@oracorp.com (Daryl McCullough) writes:
- >jeff@aiai.ed.ac.uk (Jeff Dalton) writes:
- >
- >>It's true that I don't know what you look like, haven't mapped your
- >>DNA or done other things of that sort; and it's true that the only
- >>direct evidence I have is behavioral...
- >
- >That's all I mean by "using the Turing Test"; using only behavioral
- >evidence.
-
- Well, what I mean by it is using a particular form of reasoning.
- This reasoning is that _anything_ with certain behavior has certain
- properties involving consciousness, thought, etc. So, all you need
- to look at is behavior no matter what else is available. The fact
- that we are willing to make a pragmatic decision when the only
- _direct_ evidence is behavioral does not mean that we should regard
- such evidence as sufficient in general.
-
- The point about direct evidence is this: we don't forget everything
- else we know (about, for instance, what kinds of entities are capable
- of certain behavior) when looking at behavioral evidence.
-
- Of course, so far as the validity of the TT is concerned, it doesn't
- matter all that much what people actually do. What they actually do
- might just be wrong.
-
- >Whoops. I meant:
- >
- > Behavior is the causal relationship between a history of
- > effects of the environment on the system, and the actions taken
- > by the system.
-
- I wouldn't call this the behavior. Behavior is what something
- does, not what causes it, nor the causal relationship between
- causes and actions. Of course, when you observe behavior, you
- observe it in some context and in response to various things
- that happen. That's all that happens in the TT.
-
- >>What? Are you suggesting an intelligent entity cannot behave in
- >>nonintelligent ways?
- >
- >Yes.
-
- An intelligent entity can behave in unintelligent ways in a TT,
- why not? It can just pretend to be stupid.
-
- > As I said, behavior is a causal relationship between inputs and
- >outputs, it is *not* simply a sequence of actions. While it may be
- >possible to classify actions as "unintelligent", and it may be
- >possible for an intelligent entity to produce an unintelligent action,
- >I don't believe it is possible for an intelligent entity to have an
- >unintelligent behavior (or vice-versa).
-
- I think it's virtually meaningless to talk about an intelligent
- or unintelligent causal relationship. But if you want to go that
- way ...
-
- What you seem to be up to is another one of these theory-saving steps
- (like "disposition"). The causal relationship can be "intelligent"
- even if this "intelligence" is never seen in any actions. However,
- if this is what you mean by behavior, the TT no longer tells you
- wnat the behavior is, and so it's relevance is at best obscure.
-
- >>And if not, what has been ruled out?
- >
- >You can rule out the possibility that the entity completely ignores
- >what is said to it (as a phonograph does).
- >
- >You can rule out the possibility that the entity simply repeats what
- >is said to it (as a parrot does).
-
- At least we have falsification now, instead of verification.
-
- >You can rule out the possibility that the output
- >is simply a syntactic rearrangement of the inputs (as Eliza does).
-
- How do you rule out that it's doing a more complex syntactic
- processing?
-
- >>>It's an imperfect judgement based on insufficient data, but then so
- >>>are all judgements that people make in the real world.
- >>
- >>But we don't treat them all as equally justified!
- >
- >Agreed. But the judging intelligence (and other mental properties)
- >based on behavioral evidence is about as justified as any fallible
- >test can be.
-
- I disagree. Moreover, I have yet to see anything even approaching
- a reasonable justification for it.
-
- -- jd
-