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- From: greg@math.uchicago.edu (Greg Kuperberg)
- Subject: Re: A Conjecture About Packings of Balls
- Message-ID: <9211082352.AA24164@zaphod.uchicago.edu>
- Sender: Daniel Grayson <dan@math.uiuc.edu>
- X-Submissions-To: sci-math-research@uiuc.edu
- Organization: Dept. of Mathematics, Univ. of Chicago
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- Approved: Daniel Grayson <dan@math.uiuc.edu>
- In-Reply-To: <9211060833.AA05802@wisdom.weizmann.ac.il>
- Date: Sun, 8 Nov 1992 23:52:32 GMT
- Lines: 53
-
- In article <9211060833.AA05802@wisdom.weizmann.ac.il> you write:
- >For a finite ball packing P in R^3 [with balls round but not
- >necessarily congruent], let
- >a(P)=2(number of tangencies)/(number of balls)
- ...
- >Conjecture: A = sup a(P) = 12.
- ...
- >I think I can improve the naive argument above to get something
- >better than A<=24, but I don't expect to reach A=12.
-
- Your expectation is true and your conjecture is false. :-)
-
- A regular dodecahedron in flat Euclidean space has angles slightly less
- than 120 degrees. On the surface of the 3-sphere, a very large
- dodecahedron has angles close to 180 degrees, while a very small one is
- close to flat. Therefore there is one of intermediate size with angles
- exactly 120 degrees and as it happens 120 of them tile the 3-sphere.
- Inscribing a sphere in each one, we get a packing of the 3-sphere by
- 120 spherical caps of a certain size, each kissing twelve others.
- I'll call this the hyperdodecahedral packing.
-
- Stereographic projection preserves spheres, so we can project
- this packing onto Euclidean space, sending some point not contained
- in a sphere to the point at infinity. Thus we get a finite cluster
- D with a(D) = 12 exactly. However, this is trouble, because the sup
- of a(D) is not a maximum. You can always take two clusters of the same
- type and make them touch at a single point, increasing a(D) slightly.
- In this case you get a(D+D) = 12+1/120.
-
- If you are interested in the actual value of A, then here is my best
- lower bound: Take the above cluster D. If you project it from a
- point that lies symmetrically between four spheres, you get a regular
- tetrahedron of four big spheres with 116 little spheres on the inside.
- I'll call the interior arrangement "hyperdodecahedral grout". You can
- put hyperdodecahedral grout inside any other sphere packing with
- tetrahedral crevices, including the dodecahedral arrangement itself,
- which yields a better kind of grout. If you do this once you get a
- packing with average kissing number 7152/581 > 12.309, and if you
- iterate, the supremum is (I think) 3486/283 > 12.318.
-
- Interestingly, a lot of simpler constructions, like taking the
- cannonball packing and placing a sphere in each octahedral crevice,
- yield a(P) = 12 on the nose. Perhaps there is one with a(P) = 13 or 12
- 1/2 or something like that.
-
- This construction is vaguely similar to the example due to A. Bezdek
- and W. Kuperberg of packings of long, flat ellipsoids whose density
- exceeds the conjectured packing density of spheres in three
- dimensions. (I should finally mention that with a comment of J. M.
- Wills and another comment of mine, you get a sequence of ellipsoid
- packings which, in the limit, have a density 2.4% greater than that of
- the cannonball packing.)
-
-