home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Xref: sparky sci.math:14816 alt.politics.elections:23530
- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!mintaka.lcs.mit.edu!zurich.ai.mit.edu!ara
- From: ara@zurich.ai.mit.edu (Allan Adler)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,alt.politics.elections
- Subject: Re: Electoral college (was Re: Bill Clinton and Complex Analysis : -))
- Message-ID: <ARA.92Nov11233421@camelot.ai.mit.edu>
- Date: 12 Nov 92 04:34:21 GMT
- Article-I.D.: camelot.ARA.92Nov11233421
- References: <israel.720991427@unixg.ubc.ca> <1delmqINNngv@master.cs.rose-hulman.edu>
- <1992Nov7.222800.21778@ariel.ec.usf.edu>
- Sender: news@mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
- Organization: M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Lab.
- Lines: 70
- In-Reply-To: mccolm@darwin.math.usf.edu.'s message of 7 Nov 92 22:28:00 GMT
-
- Greg McCOlm writes:
-
- >despite finishing second in the popular vote.
- >
-
- >Hayes was a special case. Tilden (Democrat) actually won a
- >majority in the electoral college, but irregularities led
- >to the formation of a Commission (essentially, the Supreme
- >Court), to determine how the electoral votes should be
- >assigned. The Commission consistently assigned all the
- >contested votes to Hayes, and a "secret" agreement was
- >made between the Democratic and Republican parties to have
- >Hayes's election accepted --- provided that the Reconstruction
- >ended. And you thought Iran-Contra was bad ...
- >
-
- I have already commented at length on the election of Hayes vs. Tilden
- in an earlier posting. I am reluctant to compose a new reply to Greg McColm,
- except to say that his depiction of the events is quite inaccurate.
-
- For the rest, I will quote from the relevant portion of my earlier posting:
-
- Another remarkable feature of the constitution, from a logical point of
- view, is that even though it is apparently inconsistent, it is nevertheless
- incomplete. The evidence is the occurrence of constitutional crises in
- which it is discovered that some result is not provable from the
- constitution. One remarkable example is the election of Hayes vs. Tilden
- in 1876. We usually think of that election as the one where Hayes won
- in the electoral college but lost in the popular vote, which is true and
- interesting, but it is not the whole story. Three years earlier,
- there had been a dispute in the state elections in Louisiana and,
- I think, Arkansas and Florida. In Louisiana, two men both claimed to
- be governor and one of them seized the gubernatorial mansion. There
- were also two groups of people both claiming to be the legislature
- and both were passing laws. The followers of each of the two "governors"
- tried to arrest the other governor" for sedition and in order to
- avoid civil war in these states, Grant sent in troops to keep them
- apart. Someone who was never elected, named Pinchback, wound up as
- acting governor of Louisiana and Federal troops occupied these three
- states for years. This affected the election of Hayes and Tilden in
- the following way: during the presidential election, two groups of
- people showed up in Washington both claiming to be the electors from
- that state, this being a legacy of the unresolved dispute in the
- state elections. The crisis was that THE CONSTITUTION MADE NO PROVISIONS
- FOR HOW TO SETTLE DISPUTES IN A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. It says that
- the vice president will read the votes, but it doesn't say the vice
- president has the right to decide which are the votes.
- It turned out that these three staes were exactly what Hayes needed
- to win the election in the electoral college, and therefore the
- entire election hinged on settling the issue of which group of
- electors were the legitimate ones. Naturally, the Democrats had one
- opinion as to who were the real electors and the Republicans had
- the opposite opinion. Finally they worked out a deal where there
- would be a carefully balanced committee of 15 that would decide.
- At the last minute, the guy who was supposed to head the committee
- dropped out to accept a judgeship somewhere and the deal fell apart.
- The Democrats threatened to filibuster to prevent the votes from ever
- being counted! Finally, the Republicans made a deal with the Southern
- Democrats that the Southern Democrats would kill the filibuster and
- let Hayes win the election and in exchange the Republicans would pull
- the troops out of Louisiana, Arkansas and (I think) Florida and let
- the governments there fall. My information for this comes from dim
- recollections of a biography of Hayes and some articles I read in
- the 19th century magazine The Independent, written while these events
- were taking place. The Independent was published by the so-called
- radical wing of the Republican party.
-
-
- Allan Adler
- ara@altdorf.ai.mit.edu
-