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- From: wgw@vax.oxford.ac.uk
- Newsgroups: sci.astro
- Subject: Swift_tuttle's orbit
- Message-ID: <1992Nov11.165126.10076@vax.oxford.ac.uk>
- Date: 11 Nov 92 16:51:26 GMT
- Organization: Oxford University VAX 6620
- Lines: 101
-
-
- The following should put all of the recent hoo-hah over
- comet P/Swift-Tuttle's next apparition into perspective.
-
-
- The 2126 apparition of P/Swift-Tuttle
- =====================================
-
- As a result of the uncertainty in deriving the nongravitational
- parameters (A1 and A2) and their possible time-dependence, much has been
- made of the possibility that P/Swift-Tuttle represents a threat to the
- Earth at its next apparition in 2126. The intersection of the comet's
- orbit and that of the Earth at the former's descending node gives rise
- to the annual Perseid meteor shower. In 2126 the Earth will intersect
- the shower maximum on August 14.3, when it will have r = 1.01338 au.
- For the comet to be at its descending node ( r = 1.01001 au ) at the
- same time requires that it have a perihelion passage time of July 26.43.
- Thus, to represent a collison threat to the Earth, the comet's time of
- perihelion passage has to be delayed by 20 days with respect to the
- purely gravitational integration (details below). An integration including
- the effects of the nongravitational (outgassing) terms, which is a better
- fit to the previous two apparitions, brings the time of perihelion passage
- forward. From the A2 = -0.035 integration below we see that the comet will
- be at its descending node on 2126 July 18.5, at which time it will be 0.45au
- from the Earth.
-
-
-
- Details of RADAU integrations of P/Swift-Tuttle's orbit
- =======================================================
-
- Starting elements taken from IAUC 5636 (epoch 1992 Dec. 4.0).
-
- J2000 throughout. Planetary starting positions and velocities from DE200.
- Perturbations by Venus -> Neptune included ; mass of Mercury added to that
- of the Sun (other runs including all nine planets explicitly show that the
- error in time of perihelion passage in 2126 does not exceed 0.1 day when
- using this approximation).
-
- All runs were done on the VAX 6000/620 of Oxford University Computer Service.
-
- For the nongrav run no attempt was made to optimise the values of A1 and A2,
- the values used being chosen to approximate the probable times of perihelion
- passage in 1737 and 1862.
-
-
- N-body results ( no outgassing effects considered )
- ==============
-
- epoch q e w asc i nu
-
- 2308960.500 0.976371 0.962033 152.8388 139.5157 113.5590 254.7898
- 2355360.500 0.979797 0.961454 152.6993 139.4771 113.6880 235.7157
- 2401760.500 0.962661 0.962659 152.7805 139.3815 113.5693 129.3062
- * 2448960.500 0.958120 0.963590 153.0130 139.4560 113.4300 347.8336
- 2497760.500 0.956312 0.963880 153.1270 139.6201 113.4081 12.4523
-
-
-
- Nongrav results ( outgassing effects included : A1 = 0 , A2 = -0.035 )
- ===============
-
- epoch q e w asc i nu
-
- 2308960.500 0.976695 0.962003 152.8302 139.5090 113.5599 253.4023
- 2355360.500 0.980095 0.961423 152.6924 139.4716 113.6843 238.4297
- 2401760.500 0.962645 0.962661 152.7804 139.3821 113.5691 129.5740
- * 2448960.500 0.958120 0.963590 153.0130 139.4560 113.4300 347.8336
- 2497760.500 0.956460 0.963875 153.1236 139.6194 113.4039 22.1289
-
- ( * indicates starting values )
- ( nu is the true anomaly )
-
-
- Thus, for these osculating epochs, we find the following times of successive
- perihelion passages (Gregorian calendar) for the comet,
-
- epoch T (n-body) T (non-grav)
-
- 1609 Aug. 14.0 1610 Jan. 20.98 1610 Jan. 27.94
- 1736 Aug. 28.0 1737 July 7.12 1737 June 5.00
- 1863 Sept 12.0 1862 Aug. 28.33 1862 Aug. 23.66
- * 1992 Dec. 4.0 1992 Dec. 12.32
- 2126 July 15.0 2126 July 6.50 2126 June 29.64
-
-
- By way of comparison, Brian Marsden (A.J. vol 78, p.654-662; 1973) gives
- the time of perihelion passage for 1862 as August 23.41. For 1737 he
- gives a range of solutions with perihelion passage times varying in the
- range June 3.5 to June 16.4.
-
-
- NOTE
- ====
- It should be stressed that all of the foregoing is based entirely on
- the osculating elements given on IAUC 5636 (dated 1992 October 15) which
- have presumably already been improved upon.
-
-
-
- Graeme Waddington wgw @ vax.ox.ac.uk
-