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- From: Crawford_Kilian@mindlink.bc.ca (Crawford Kilian)
- Subject: Fiction Advice 2: Story Elements
- Organization: MIND LINK! - British Columbia, Canada
- Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1992 04:15:49 GMT
- Message-ID: <17172@mindlink.bc.ca>
- Sender: news@deep.rsoft.bc.ca (Usenet)
- Lines: 108
-
- Elements Of A Successful Story
-
- If your novel or short story is going to work, it's going to need all the
- right components. Used without imagination or sensitivity, those elements may
- produce only formula fiction. But, like a good cook with the right materials
- and a good recipe, you can also create some pleasant surprises.
-
- Many writers, like many good cooks, don't need to think consciously about
- what they're throwing in the pot. But as an apprentice you should probably
- think about how your story matches up with the following suggestions. They
- all have to do, essentially, with bringing your characters and readers from a
- *state of ignorance* to a *state of awareness*: Can our heroine find
- happiness as a journalist? We don't know, but we'll find out. Can our hero
- found a family dynasty in the Nevada wilderness? We don't know, but we'll
- find out.
-
- 1. In the opening--
-
- Show us your main characters, or at least foreshadow them: We might see your
- heroine's mother getting married, for example. Or we might see a crime
- committed which will bring in your hero to investigate.
-
- Show one or more characters under some kind of appropriate stress. For
- example, if the hero must perform well under enemy fire in the climax, show
- him being shot at in Chapter One--and performing badly. If the heroine must
- resist temptation at the end, show her (or someone else) succumbing to
- temptation in the beginning.
-
- Show us who's the "good guy," who's the "bad guy." That is, in whom should we
- make an emotional investment? Whose side are we on? Even if the hero is
- morally repugnant (a hired killer, for example), he should display some trait
- or attitude we can admire and identify with. The villain can be likable but
- set on a course we must disapprove.
-
- Show what's at stake. Editors and readers want to know this right away.
- (That's why the blurb on the jacket usually tells us: "Only one person can
- save the West/defend the Galactic Empire/defeat the vampires...")What does
- the hero stand to gain or lose? What will follow if the villain wins?
-
- Establish the setting--where and when the story takes place.
-
- Establish the area of conflict . If the setting is the Nanaimo coal mines at
- the turn of the century, the area of conflict may be relations between miners
- and owners, or within a family of miners, or within a single miner's
- personality.
-
- Foreshadow the ending. If the hero dies in a blizzard at the end, a few
- flakes of snow may fall in the first chapter.
-
- Set the tone of the story: solemn or excited, humorous or tragic.
-
- 2. In the body of the story--
-
- Tell your story in scenes, not in exposition. A scene contains a purpose, an
- obstacle or conflict, and a resolution that tells us something new about the
- characters and their circumstances.
-
- Develop your characters through action and dialogue. Show us, don't tell us,
- what's going on and why (not He was loud and rude, but "Get outa my way,
- you jerk!" he bellowed.).
-
- Include all the elements you need for your conclusion. If everything depends
- on killing the victim with a shotgun, show us the shotgun long before it goes
- off.
-
- Give your characters adequate motivation for their actions and words. Drama
- is people doing amazing things for very good reasons. Melodrama is people
- doing amazing things for bad or nonexistent reasons.
-
- Develop the plot as a series of increasingly serious problems. (The heroine
- escapes the villain in Chapter 5 by fleeing into the snowy mountains; now in
- Chapter 6 she risks death in an avalanche.)
- Establish suspense by making solution of the problems uncertain (How will the
- heroine escape the avalanche and avoid freezing to death in Chapter Seven?).
-
- Make solutions of the problems appropriate to the characters (Good thing she
- took Outward Bound training in Chapter One).
-
- 3. In the conclusion--
-
- Present a final, crucial conflict when everything gained so far is in danger
- and could be lost by a single word or deed: this is the climax, which reveals
- something to your readers (and perhaps to your characters) which has been
- implicit from the outset but not obvious or predictable.
-
- 4. Throughout the story--
-
- Remember that nothing in a story happens at random . Why is the heroine's
- name Sophia? Why is she blind? Why is her dog a black Lab? The easy answer is
- that you're the God of your novel and that's the way you want things. But if
- you have a conscious reason for these elements, the story gains in interest
- because it carries more meaning: For example, "Sophia" means "wisdom" and the
- name can provide a cue to the reader.
-
- Use image, metaphor and simile with a conscious purpose, not just because a
- phrase "sounds good."
-
- Maintain consistent style, tone, and point of view.
-
- Know the conventions of the form you're working in, and break them only when
- you have a good reason to. For example, if it's conventional for the private
- eye to be an aggressive, hard-drinking single man, you're going to shake up
- the reader if your private eye is a yogurt-loving, shy mother of three
- school-age children. You'll shake up the reader even more if she goes around
- pistol-whipping people; as a private eye, her behavior will still depend on
- her personality and limitations.
-
-
-