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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!uknet!pavo.csi.cam.ac.uk!camcus!cet1
- From: cet1@cus.cam.ac.uk (C.E. Thompson)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: Looking for fast methods of computing PI
- Message-ID: <1992Oct16.145024.14509@infodev.cam.ac.uk>
- Date: 16 Oct 92 14:50:24 GMT
- References: <1992Oct13.025820.4593@eecs.nwu.edu> <-g1zrgc@rpi.edu> <1992Oct16.111222.4303@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>
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- Organization: U of Cambridge, England
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-
- In article <1992Oct16.111222.4303@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU>,
- pratt@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU (Vaughan R. Pratt) writes, as part of a
- very interesting posting:
- |>
- |> Before Lagrange-Gauss-Salamin, all improvements over Archimedes were
- |> mere constant factors, as follows.
- |>
- |> Inventor Speed in bits/op Method
- |>
- |> Archimedes, c.250 BC 1 half-angle method
- |> Vieta, 1593 1 product(r=sqrt((r+1)/2))
- |> Descartes, < 1650 1 constant perimeter method
- |> Newton, 1666 2 series related to arcsin x
- |> Sharp, 1705 1.585 Gregory(sqrt(3))
- |> Machin, 1706 3.589 Gregory(5, 239)
- |> Stoermer, 1896 3.168 Gregory(8, 57, 239)
- |>
- |> Here Gregory(a1,a2,...,an) is the formula pi/4 = a linear integer
- |> combination of the arctan(1/ai)'s, e.g. pi/4 = 6 arctan(1/8) + 2
- |> arctan(1/57) + 4 arctan(1/239). Note that both Sharp's and Stoermer's
- |> "improvements" weren't, showing what happens when you don't do an
- |> explicit complexity analysis. Both Sharp's and Machin's methods were
- |> used in early computer evaluations of pi. For some reason Stoermer's
- |> method was later chosen by Shanks and Wrench over Machin's, perhaps due
- |> to inappropriate focus on the dominant arctan: arctan(1/8) must have
- |> seemed more promising than arctan(1/5).
-
- Do not the detailed mechanics of dividing by small integers with particular
- hardware provide some reasons why theoretical bit complexity might be
- ignored? Certainly Machin's formula was considered particularly suitable
- for hand computation (in decimal, of course) because the divisions by 5 were
- easy. I can imagine a similar argument being used in favour of Stoermer's
- formula w.r.t. division by 8 on binary computers.
-
- One would also like to know: are there Gregory(a1,...,an) methods with
- arbitrarily high bits/op? If not, are there any better than Machin's?
-
- Chris Thompson
- JANET: cet1@uk.ac.cam.phx
- Internet: cet1@phx.cam.ac.uk
-