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- From: holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes)
- Subject: Re: ZFC etc. (was Re: Report on Philosophies of Physicists)
- Message-ID: <1992Sep15.231019.18387@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- Sender: usenet@guinness.idbsu.edu (Usenet News mail)
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- Organization: Boise State University Math Dept.
- References: <716501145.10401@minster.york.ac.uk> <1992Sep15.184930.10080@guinness.idbsu.edu> <COLUMBUS.92Sep15171406@rachmaninoff.think.com>
- Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1992 23:10:19 GMT
- Lines: 44
-
- In article <COLUMBUS.92Sep15171406@rachmaninoff.think.com> columbus@rachmaninoff.think.com (Michael Weiss) writes:
- >In article <1992Sep15.184930.10080@guinness.idbsu.edu>
- >holmes@opal.idbsu.edu (Randall Holmes) answers the question:
- > >
- > >Are the proofs by Cohen and Godel are formal proofs? (I would think
- > >so.) Can we identify the formal system in which the proofs were
- > >performed?
- >
- >thus:
- >
- > They are rigorous arguments. No one ever does proofs in formal
- > systems, in practice. The Godel proof is a construction in ZF (normal
- > set theory without choice). The Cohen proof is a construction in ZFC
- > (Choice is used, I believe).
- >
- >The relative consistency results of Godel and Cohen can be regarded as
- >purely combinatorial statements about pushing symbols around,
- >and as such can be expressed in the language of Peano arithmetic.
- >
- >In principle, the proofs of these relative consistency statements could be
- >carried out in Peano arithmetic. Cohen discusses this briefly in the last
- >chapter of his book "Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis".
- >I believe the treatment in Shoenfield's book "Mathematical Logic" makes the
- >same point.
-
- I know that, and I thought of pointing it out, but I think it would be
- deceptive to say that Godel and Cohen carried out their arguments in PA.
-
- >
- >In practice, the proofs become far more intuitive if we adopt a less
- >puritan attitude, and talk about models of ZF. Cohen makes free use of
- >axiom SM (="there exists a model of ZF whose universe is a set and whose
- >element-of relation is the standard element-of relation".) Cohen proves
- >with ZF+V=L+SM that there is (for example) a model of ZFC + not CH.
- >Naturally this implies the relative consistency result, Con(ZF) -->
- >Con(ZFC+not CH). But if all you want is the relative consistency result,
- >then a much weaker set of axioms (such as Peano arithmetic) will do.
-
-
- --
- The opinions expressed | --Sincerely,
- above are not the "official" | M. Randall Holmes
- opinions of any person | Math. Dept., Boise State Univ.
- or institution. | holmes@opal.idbsu.edu
-