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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!galois!riesz!jbaez
- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Subject: Re: Warm and Fuzzy? Koalas vs. Math
- Message-ID: <1992Sep14.034933.26912@galois.mit.edu>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: riesz
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
- References: <1992Sep13.210551.24399@galois.mit.edu> <1992Sep14.012850.17387@nuscc.nus.sg>
- Date: Mon, 14 Sep 92 03:49:33 GMT
- Lines: 83
-
- matmcinn@nuscc.nus.sg (Mcinnes B T (Dr)) inquires:
-
- >By the way, John, what IS the best flavour of ice cream?
-
- It should be easy to calculate once we work out the bugs in our Theory
- of Everything.
-
- In the meantime, I've been studying a little string theory. I
- recommend Kaku's Introduction to Superstrings, in part because it is
- a good exposition, and in part because he is honest, even listing the
- pros and cons of string theory quite honestly. Heck, I'll list 'em,
- just to prove I am not alone in my criticisms. [Slightly abridged.]
-
- Pros:
-
- 1) The gauge group includes E8 x E8, which is much larger than the
- minimal group SU(3) x SU(2) X U(1). There is plenty of room for
- phenomenology in this theory.
-
- 2) The theory has no anomalies... the symmetries of the superstring
- theory, by a series of "miracles," can cancel all of its potential
- anomalies.
-
- 3) Powerful arguments from the theory of Riemann surfaces indicate
- that the theory is finite to all orders in perturbation theory
- (although a rigorous proof is still lacking).
-
- 4) There is very little freedom to play with. Superstring models are
- notoriously difficult to tinker with without destroying their
- miraculous properties. Thus, we do not have the problem of 20 or more
- arbitrary coupling constants.
-
- 5) The theory includes GUTs, super-Yang-Mills, supergravity, and
- Kaluza-Klein theories as subsets. Thus, many of the features of the
- phenomenology developed for these theories carry over into the string
- theory.
-
- Cons:
-
- 1) It is impossible experimentally to reach the tremendouw energies
- found at the Planck scale. Therefor, the theory is in some sense
- untestable. A theory that is untestable is not an acceptable physical
- theory.
-
- 2) No one shred of experimental evidence has been found to confirm
- the existence of supersymmetry, let alone superstrings.
-
- 3) It is presumputous to assume that there will be no surprises in
- the "desert" between 100 and 10^19 GeV. New, totally unexpected
- phenomena have always cropped up when we have pushed the enrgy scale
- of our accelerators. Superstring theory, however, makes predcitions
- over the next 17 orders of magnitude, which is unheard of in the
- history of science.
-
- 4) The theory does not explain why the cosmological constant is zero.
- Any theory that claims to be a "theory of everything" must surely
- explain the puzzle of a vanishing cosmological constant, but it is not
- clear how superstrings solves this problem.
-
- 5) The theory has an embarrassment of riches. There are
- apparently *thousands* of ways to bread down the theory to low
- energies. Which is the correct vacuum? Although superstring theory
- can produce the minimal theory of SU(3) x SU(2) X U(1), it also
- predicts many other interactions that have not yet been seen.
-
- 6) No one really knows how to break a 10-dimensional theory down to 4
- dimensions.
-
- Towards the end of the book, he adds, tongue in cheek, that "The
- biggest drawback to the superstring theory, however, is that particle
- accelerators able to probe down to the Planck length are prohibitively
- expensive."
-
- Some readers might enjoy the "physicist's proof" of the Atiyah-Singer
- index theorem in this book.
-
- As a quiz - what are these numbers:
-
- 496
- 18883584
-
- and for extra credit, what is the next number in the series? (I can't
- do it myself.)
-