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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Path: sparky!uunet!snorkelwacker.mit.edu!galois!riesz!jbaez
- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Subject: Re: measures of the `size' of infinite sets
- Message-ID: <1992Sep9.042345.7472@galois.mit.edu>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: riesz
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
- References: <1992Sep8.134624.11005@newstand.syr.edu>
- Date: Wed, 9 Sep 92 04:23:45 GMT
- Lines: 34
-
- In article <1992Sep8.134624.11005@newstand.syr.edu> hgraber@lynx.cat.syr.edu (Harry Graber) writes:
-
- > An associate of mine here tells me that there are other measures that
- >have been devised for the size of an infinite set. Some of these measures
- >give a different result, and agree with our `intuitive' position that the set
- >of multiples of 29 is in some definite sense smaller than the set of numbers
- >that are not multiples of 29. However, this is an area neither of us has
- >specialized in. I never knew that these other measures even existed, and he
- >had heard of them but is not able to tell me what any of them is.
-
- Well, there are various ways of keeping track of the "size" of infinite
- sets, depending on the context. One branch of math that specializes
- this is called measure theory. The simplest example of that is the fact
- that a line segment which is twice as long as another has twice the
- "measure," even though by Cantor's definition they have the same number
- of points. But for your problem the best answer involves not measure
- but "density". Given a set of integers, we calculate its density as
- follows. Figure out how many integers in your set lie between -n and n
- - say that m do. Take the ratio n/2m ... this just tells us what
- fraction of the integers between -n and n lie in your set. Now take the
- limit as n goes to infinity! If the limit exists and equals d (some
- number between 0 and 1), we say your set has density d.
-
- The set of integers that are multiples of 29 has density 1/29.
- The set of integers that aren't has density 28/29.
-
- Exercise to see if you get it: figure out, or guess, the density of the
- prime numbers.
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