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- From: harelb@math.cornell.edu (misc.activism.progressive co-moderator)
- Subject: Who Were "Contras"? The Good Old Days under U.S.-backed Dictatorship
- Message-ID: <1992Sep12.104217.13476@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
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- Date: Sat, 12 Sep 1992 10:42:17 GMT
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-
- Who Were "Contras"? The Good Old Days under U.S.-backed Dictatorship
-
-
- [...historical excerpts reproduced at bottom...]
-
- "Alongside this impoverishment of the majority, the other theme
- dominating the history of pre-revolutionary Nicaragua is the role of
- the United States. In the years following the Spanish-American war,
- the U.S. government viewed Nicaragua as part of its expanding empire.
- From 1912 to 1933, Nicaragua was occupied by U.S. marines. Popular
- opposition to the Marine presence was led by Cesar A. Sandino. Sandino
- mobilized an army of the poor which fought a guerilla war against the
- marines from 1927 to 1933. Aware that the Marines would be defeated,
- the U.S. formed a police unit to "keep the peace" and protect U.S.
- interests. This was the Nicaraguan National Guard, with Anastasio
- Somoza Garcia in Charge.
-
- ================
- Somoza's Kingdom
- ================
-
- [From Oxfam America report (see bottom)]
-
- "Sandino was reluctant to see his country under Somoza's control and
- refused to lay down his arms. Immediately after the departure of the
- U.S. occupation force, Somoza arranged Sandino's assassination. With
- this bloody act the long reign of the Somoza family began.
-
- The National Guard quickly became the personal army of the Somozas.
- With political power came economic power, passed on from father to
- sons. The family came to own a quarter of Nicaragua's land, plus
- banks, ports, newspapers, airlines, a shipping fleet, and many
- industries. One of them was a plasma corporation that exported the
- blood of the country's poor. In 1979, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, son of
- the original dictator, was estimated to be the ninth richest man in
- the world.
-
- The incredible greed and corruption of the Somozas alienated even
- their fellow landowners and businessmen, who could not get what they
- thought was their fair share of wealth and political influence under
- Somoza's system. Simmering resentment of Somoza reached a boiling
- point in the after-math of the 1972 earth-quake, when funds intended
- for relief were channeled into the hands of Somoza and his associates.
- During the 1960's and 1970's, a new revolutionary movement developed
- in Nicaragua. Its deepest roots were in the countryside, where
- Catholic clergy and lay workers had been helping peasants organize for
- higher wages and an end to evictions from the land. They were aided by
- the Sandinista Liberation Front (FSLN), founded in 1961. Although the
- peasants' protests were peaceful, they were brutally suppressed by
- Somoza's National Guard. When even parish priests were killed for
- teaching that poverty was not the will of God, the peasants took up
- arms in self-defense.
-
- Between 1977 and 1979, the peasant-based resistance became a full-scale
- armed rebellion. The Sandinistas were the leaders of this broad
- revolutionary movement which included workers, students,
- professionals, clergy, and businessmen. By July, 1979, it was clear
- that the uprising could not be put down, and the U.S. government
- arranged for the departure of Somoza to Miami.
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- --> [Send the 1-line message GET OXFAM84 NICARAG ACTIV-L to ]
- [LISTSERV@UMCVMB.BITNET for a copy of the complete file ]
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- [listing with brief descriptions of other files available]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
-
-
- =============================================
- T h e " N i c a r a g u a L i b r a r y "
- =============================================
-
- *
- * =========
- * Nicaragua
- * =========
- *
- WHO-WERE CONTRAS Contras' origins; make-up; practices - documented
- FSLN H-RIGHTS Documented HRs comparison w/Somoza,Guat,ES,others
- FSLN MISKITOS Sandinista treatment of Miskitos;Charges & Realit
- FSLN NICAJEWS Debunks charges of Sandinista 'Anti-Semitism'
- *
- OXFAM84 NICARAG Oxfam America's 1984 report on Nicaragua, in full
- FSLN ACHIEVE Documented: achievements of the Nica. revolution
- *
- NICA-84 ELECTION Documented: Fair under Sandinistas; US subversion
- FAIRNESS NICA-USA Flwup:`Is Nicaragua More Democratic than the US?'
- NICRAGUA ELECTION Study in US subversion of '90 Nicaraguan election
-
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-
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