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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!hal.com!decwrl!csus.edu!netcom.com!tcmay
- From: tcmay@netcom.com (Timothy C. May)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
- Subject: Re: iAPX432 ??
- Message-ID: <b0qnybk.tcmay@netcom.com>
- Date: 8 Sep 92 01:53:43 GMT
- References: <Bu7A2J.B7B@lut.fi>
- Organization: Netcom - Online Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
- Lines: 58
-
- messmer@lut.fi (Willi Messmer) writes:
- : Yes, anyone heard about iAPX 432 32-bit cpu from early 80's ?
- :
- : If so, a brief introduction & history would be nice.
-
- The 432 project started in 1975 as an effort to build a state of the
- art 32-bit processor exploiting Intel's latest processing technology,
- then known as "XMOS" but ultimately called HMOS, for high-performance
- MOS. (I was at Intel at this time, so excuse the emphasis on the
- technology side....in other summaries of the 432 I haven't seen it
- given enough attention.)
-
- The original name was the "8800" and a multi-chip set was planned. As
- the chips were so large, and CAD techniques then were primitive, new
- CAD systems were developed (also in cooperation with the 8086/80286
- team, which also needed them, though not as badly!). (An entire tools
- group developed design rule check software, continuity verifications
- tools, etc., all long before such things were commercially available.
- This played a big role in getting chips like the 8086, 8087, etc. out
- ahead of Motorola, which was still laying out the 68000 by hand!)
-
- Architecturally, the system was variously called "capability-based"
- (like some IBM machines, notably the System/38 minicomputer) or
- "object-oriented" (as in Smalltalk). Others can say a lot more about
- this, including the performance penalties incurred.
-
- (Despite the various problems, I'll never forget seeing a multiple 432
- system running UNIX as processor cards were pulled out of the card
- rack...full fault tolerance, in 1981.)
-
- The 432 set was introduced in 1981 and flopped. Poor performance, a
- very large die size, and the complete break from the 8086 family were
- probably factors. I think the last chips were sold around 1984, but I
- don't think there were ever any notable design wins.
-
- The 432 project and team lived on in the "Gemini" project, which
- became the Intel-Siemens jointly-owned "Biin Computer." The chips
- developed had some of the 432 capabilities, but were more efficient
- and didn't carry the same "everything is an object" penalty. The chips
- are now sold by Intel as the "960" family.
-
- Biin, which wags immediately dubbed "Billions Invested In Nothing,"
- could have succeeded, I think, in the fault tolerant market, but Intel
- and Siemens decided to pull the plug. This happened in 1988 or so.
-
- I hope this summary helps. I'm not a computer architect, so take my
- opinions with care. I often cite the 8800/iAPX432/Gemini/Biin/960 saga
- when people say the chip industry, or American industry as a whole,
- only has a quarter to quarter outlook...this project started when some
- readers of this group were in diapers!
-
- --
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