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Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2 Path: sparky!uunet!haven.umd.edu!darwin.sura.net!wupost!gumby!destroyer!ubc-cs!unixg.ubc.ca!kakwa.ucs.ualberta.ca!ee.ualberta.ca!jpenne From: jpenne@ee.ualberta.ca (Jerry Penner) Subject: GEnieLamp Sept 1992 [4 parts] Message-ID: <jpenne.716322230@ee.ualberta.ca> Sender: news@kakwa.ucs.ualberta.ca Nntp-Posting-Host: eigen.ee.ualberta.ca Organization: University Of Alberta, Edmonton Canada Date: Sat, 12 Sep 1992 18:23:50 GMT Lines: 640 This is GEnieLamp, from the GEnie Information Service. It is being posted to the Internet by request from Tom Schmitz, one of the A2 editors of GEnieLamp. This is part 4 of 4 parts. ---8<------8<------8<------8<--- cut here ---8<------8<------8<------8<--- [AII]////////////////////////////// APPLE II / ///////////////////////////////// Apple II History, Part 4 """""""""""""""""""""""" By Steven Weyhrich [S.WEYHRICH] >>> APPLE II HISTORY <<< """""""""""""""""""""""" Compiled and written by Steven Weyhrich (C) Copyright 1991, Zonker Software (PART 4 -- THE APPLE II, CONT.) [v1.1 :: 12 Dec 91] INTRODUCTION As the Apple II History moves on, this month we continue the """""""""""" discussion about the design of the original Apple II, concentrating on the contributions made by people other than Steve Wozniak. We will also see its introduction at the First West Coast Computer Faire in April 1977, just over fifteen years ago, and see how it was for the first Apple buyers way back then. [*][*][*] THE APPLE II: OTHER DESIGN FEATURES Since Steve Wozniak was the designer """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" of the Apple I and II, exactly what contribution did Steve Jobs make to the effort? Unlike Wozniak, who would not think much of extra wires hanging out of a computer that worked properly, Jobs had an eye for the appearance of the final product. He wanted the Apple II to be a product that people outside the Homebrew Computer Club would want to own: "Jobs thought the cigar boxes [housing the home-made computers] that sat on the ... desk tops during Homebrew meetings were as elegant as fly traps. The angular, blue and black sheet-metal case that housed Processor Technology's Sol struck him as clumsy and industrial ... A plastic case was generally considered a needless expense compared to the cheaper and more pliable sheet metal. Hobbyists, so the arguments went, didn't care as much for appearance as they did for substance. Jobs wanted to model the case for the Apple after those Hewlett-Packard used for its calculators. He admired their sleek, fresh lines, their hardy finish, and the way they looked at home on a table or desk."<1> The final case design made the Apple II look quite different from most of their competition. The other computers looked like they had been assembled at home (and many of them were). The Apple had no visible screws or bolts (the ten screws attached at the bottom). It had the appearance of some variation of a typewriter, but still looked futuristic enough to be a computer. The friendliness of the design even extended to the lid, which popped off easily to allow access to the expansion slots, almost inviting the user to look inside (unlike most electronic devices that held the warning "CAUTION! NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE").<2> Other aesthetics to which Jobs paid attention were the color of the keyboard, vents for heat dissipation (avoiding the need for a noisy fan), and a shape and color that would blend in with other items in a home or on a desk. He also hired an engineer who was good with analog circuitry (not Wozniak's area of interest) to design a reliable, lightweight power supply that would stay cool. The engineer, Rod Holt, was working at Atari at the time, but was convinced to help Jobs and Wozniak. He developed a new approach (for microcomputers) by taking household current and switching it on and off rapidly, producing a steady current that was safe for the expensive memory chips. The final design of this switching power supply was smaller than a quart carton of milk and was quite reliable. Holt also helped design the television interface for the Apple II.<3> The new company was racing to have the Apple II ready for the First West Coast Computer Fair in April of 1977. Some last minute bugs had to be eliminated; because of a static electricity problem affecting a sensitive chip, the keyboards went dead every twenty minutes. Chris Espinosa and Randy Wigginton, two high school students who were early employees of Apple, had written programs to demonstrate the computer's color and sound. They were hurriedly working to duplicate these programs on cassette. People at Apple were working to fix blemishes in the computer cases that had returned from the plastics molding company. The name for this new computer was also finalized as "Apple II", following the example of Digital Equipment Company, who had given each newer version of its PDP series a higher number (PDP-1, PDP-6, etc.). They stylized the "II" in the product name by using right and left brackets, and displaying it on the case as "][". The final product bore the mark of each person at Apple: "The computer that appeared at the West Coast Computer Faire was not one person's machine. It was the product of collaboration and blended contributions in digital logic design, analog engineering, and aesthetic appeal. The color, the slots, the way in which the memory could be expanded from 4K to 48K bytes, the control of the keyboard and hookup to the cassette recorder, and the BASIC that was stored in the ROM chip--in effect the motherboard--was Wozniak's contribution. Holt had contributed the extremely significant power supply, and Jerry Mannock the case. The engineering advances were officially recognized when, some months later, Wozniak was awarded U.S. Patent #4,136,359 for a microcomputer for use with video display, and Holt was given Patent #4,130,862 for direct current power supply. But behind them all Jobs was poking, prodding, and pushing and it was he, with his seemingly inexhaustible supply of energy, who became the chief arbiter and rejecter... [Finally,] the combination of [Mike] Markkula [Apple's first president], Jobs, and the McKenna Agency turned Apple's public bow [at the West Coast Computer Faire] into a coup."<4> THE APPLE II: PRODUCT INTRODUCTION As they prepared for the display at """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" the First West Coast Faire, it was decided to create a new corporate logo. The original one, used in sales of the Apple I, was a picture of Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree, with a phrase from Wordsworth: "Newton...'A Mind Forever Voyaging Through Strange Seas of Thought...Alone.'" Jobs had been concerned that the logo had part of the slow sales of the Apple I, and the Regis McKenna Agency was hired to help in the design of a new one. "Rob Janov, a young art director, was assigned to the Apple account and set about designing a corporate logo. Armed with the idea that the computers would be sold to consumers and that their machine was one of the few to offer color, Janov set about drawing still lifes from a bowl of apples ... He gouged a rounded chunk from one side of the Apple, seeing this as a playful comment on the world of bits and bytes but also as a novel design. To Janov the missing portion 'prevented the apple from looking like a cherry tomato.' He ran six colorful stripes across the Apple, starting with a jaunty sprig of green, and the mixture had a slightly psychedelic tint. The overall result was enticing and warm ..." "[Steve] Jobs was meticulous about the style and appearance of the logo ... When Janov suggested that the six colors be separated by thin strips to make the reproduction easier, Jobs refused."<5> For the Faire, Markkula had ordered a smoky, backlit, illuminated plexiglas sign with the new logo. Although Apple had a smaller booth than other companies displaying their products at the Faire, and some of the other microcomputer makers (Processor Technology, IMSAI, and Cromemco) had been in business longer, Apple's booth looked far more professional, thanks to Markula's sign. Some of the other participants, companies larger than Apple, had done no more than use card tables with signs written in black markers. Because they had been one of the first to commit themselves to displaying at the Faire, Apple's booth was near the entrance and was visible to everybody entering the convention center. They demonstrated a kaleidoscopic video graphics program (possibly an early version of "BRIAN'S THEME") on a huge Advent display monitor, catching everybody's attention. But, after the Faire its organizer Jim Warren (Homebrew club member and editor of DR. DOBB'S JOURNAL) didn't think that Apple was a strong exhibitor. Byte magazine, in their report of the show, failed to even mention Apple. Despite these early opinions by influential people, over the next few months Apple received about three hundred orders for the Apple II, over a hundred more than the total number of Apple I's sold.<6> THE APPLE II: COST Prebuilt systems were also sold by Commodore (the """""""""""""""""" 6502-based PET, for $595), and Radio Shack (the Z80-based TRS-80, for $600). This was quite a bit less than the Apple II's premium price of $1,298 for a 4K computer, a pair of game paddles, and an audio cassette with demo programs. This price did not include a cassette recorder or monitor (which both the PET and TRS-80 did include). The hardware limitations and lack of expandability of those machines, however, offset some of the price difference. Also, one other hardware introduction for the Apple II that happened in mid-1978 set it well ahead of its immediate competitors; we'll get to that shortly. THE APPLE II: EXPERIENCES OF EARLY USERS The original manual for the """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Apple II was sparse. It consisted of thirty photocopied pages, including some handwritten notes from Woz. The over stated, "simplicity is the ultimate sophistication: introducing Apple ][, the personal computer." In early 1978 these original photocopied manuals were replaced with the new "Apple II Technical Reference Manual" (also known as the "Red Book"), and copies were mailed to previous customers. Steve Jobs realized that people often viewed the quality of a product by the quality of its documentation, and so he took pains to get manuals that were easy to read and had a professional appearance.<7> Setting up an early Apple II was fairly simple. The lid popped off easily, and one of the first things you would attach was the Sup'r Mod (RF modulator). This was plugged onto two pins sticking up from the back rear of the motherboard, near the video output jack (assuming that you did not also buy a REAL computer monitor). The game paddles were two small black boxes, with a knob on the top attached to a potentiometer (similar to volume controls on a radio) and a tiny black button on the side. These boxes were attached via a narrow cable to a plug that looked (and was) fragile; this plug also went into a small socket in the motherboard. Lastly, you attached your data storage device (the cassette recorder) to the input and output jacks in the back of the computer. After turning on the Apple II, the first thing to greet you was a screen full of random alphabetic characters and symbols, and possibly some colored blocks (lo-res graphics mode might be turned on). Here you had to press the RESET key in the upper right hand side of the keyboard, which, after releasing the key, would cause a "beep!" and an asterisk to appear in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen. (If the lo-res graphics mode had been on, it would now be off). Next to the asterisk (which was a prompt to show that you were in the Monitor) was a flashing box, the cursor. To get into BASIC, you had to press the "Ctrl" key and the "B" key simultaneously. Now you would see a different prompt, one that looked like a ">". At this point, you could either begin entering a BASIC program, or try to load one from cassette. To load from cassette was not always easy; it took time to get the right volume and tone settings on the tape player in order to avoid getting the "ERR" or "*** SYNTAX ERR" message. (And if you didn't have much memory, you might get a "*** MEM FULL ERR" message!) When you got it properly loaded, you could type RUN and see what happened. Beyond that, it was more or less up to you to actually find something to DO with your new toy.<8> THE APPLE II: EARLY HARDWARE ADD-ONS Aside from the M&R "Sup'r Mod" that """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" allowed early Apple II users to run their computer on their color TV's, some other enterprising hackers designed their own versions of modulators. One used by an early member of an Apple user group in Washington State (Apple Pugetsound Program Library Exchange, or A.P.P.L.E.) was somewhat better shielded than the "Sup'r Mod". It had its own power supply and plugged into the video output jack on the back of the Apple. The "Sup'r Mod" was by far the biggest seller, however.<9> At first, there were no interface cards for any of Woz's eight slots. With the limited funds that computer purchasers had then (and now) there was not much they could afford after shelling out anywhere from $1200 to $1800 just to get their own Apple II. But they were innovative, and like many other hardware hackers of the day managed to make do with old or surplus parts. Some people, for instance, had gotten their hands on used teletype printers, such as the ASR-33 (called "battleships" because they were so rugged and heavy). Since there weren't any printer interface cards to plug into the slots to allow the computer to communicate with the teletype, they used a trick they learned from Woz himself. The Apple II had four single-bit output pins on the game controller socket that could be used for various purposes. A schematic floated through the various user groups that showed how to connect the teletype to an annunciator pin; along with it was a machine language program that re-directed output from the screen to that one-bit port, and on to the printer.<10> [*][*][*] NEXT INSTALLMENT The Disk II """""""""""""""" NOTES """"" <1> Michael Moritz, THE LITTLE KINGDOM, p. 186. <2> Steven Levy, HACKERS: HEROES OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION, pp. 263-264. <3> Moritz, p. 189. <4> Moritz, pp. 190-191. <5> Moritz, p. 188. <6> Moritz, pp. 192-193. <7> Philip Chien, "The First Ten Years: A Look Back", THE APPLE II REVIEW, Fall/Winter 1986, p. 12. <8> -----, APPLE II BASIC PROGRAMMING MANUAL, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, pp. 1-19. <9> -----, "A.P.P.L.E. Co-op Celebrates A Decade of Service", CALL-A.P.P.L.E., Feb 1988, pp. 12-27. <10> Val J. Golding, "Applesoft From Bottom To Top", CALL-A.P.P.L.E. IN DEPTH #1, 1981, p. 8. ///////////////////////////////////////////// GEnie_QWIK_QUOTE //// / "Read my lips. No new political messages in the Falcon Topic!" / / - Candidate Jeff Williams. / ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// JEFF.W //// [EOA] [LIB]////////////////////////////// THE ONLINE LIBRARY / ///////////////////////////////// Yours For The Downloading """"""""""""""""""""""""" By Mel Fowler [MELSOFT] >>> FINANCIAL GENIUS <<< """""""""""""""""""""""" >>> Number: 18671 Name: FGS.SHK.BXY >>> Address: R.ADAMS48 Date: 920525 >>> Approximate # of bytes: 139904 HOME FINANCE PACKAGE Commercial venders have produced a vast array of """""""""""""""""""" programs since the Apple IIGS was introduced. These programs covered just about every application thinkable, except for a good quality home financial program. There have been many templates for Appleworks and Appleworks GS that cover everything from checking and savings accounts to home budgets and car loans, but nothing that would do all these things and much more. Financial GeniuS (FSG) is an excellent home finance program written specifically for the Apple IIGS using the standard GS/OS interface and is completely compatible with System software 6.0. With FSG you can keep track of all you financial records including; checking and savings accounts, credit card management, home budgets, investment management, car loans, assets, liabilities, cost projections, home mortgages and mush more. FSG uses standard methods to enter information into your financial records such as menus, line edits, radio buttons, check boxes, and pop-up menus. Financial GeniuS comes complete with an 8 page tutorial that completely covers all the features included in the program. Starting a new account mainly consists of opening a checking account followed by various categories (up to 120 per account) which lists assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. Each category can be used to break down assets such as your car, home, summer cabin, fishing boat, and jet plane (don't we wish). Liabilities like credit cards and Uncle Fred, expenses like groceries, household goods, Car loan monthly payments, mortgage monthly payments and interest. Income can be included also as various categories such as Paycheck, Savings interest, and stock dividends. The checking account acts as a base for the other categories as most transactions are done through your checking account. However, each category can also be accessed for individual transactions, for example your savings account. Automatic Transactions is a neat feature were you can create a list of transactions that take place each month, like your car loan payment, mortgage payment or any month payment where the amount does not change. Then when it comes time to enter that car loan payment all you do is call it up from the list of Automatic Transaction. You can also setup automatic transactions for your savings account for Social Security, Retirement pay that go into your savings on a monthly bases. Another great feature is the ability to Split Transactions. This is useful when you write a check for the local market and not all that you purchased will fit into one category. Perhaps you also purchased detergent, bleach, paper towels and toilet tissue. These items would go under household expenses and not groceries. With Split Transactions you can split up a single check into two or more categories. One draw back to the program, and it is a minor one, is that you must use the TAB key to move from input edit box to the next input edit box. Of course you can also use the mouse. The TAB key after entering information in order to go to the next entry box takes some getting use to. The RETURN key would be more traditional and easier as that is the way most programs are written. After a bit of use though you seem to get over hitting the RETURN key to go to the next input box. Another feature I would like to see added is an Automatic monthly entry into the savings or checking accounts to handle automatic deposits from retirement or Social Security payments. I have my Navy Retirement and VA benefit check deposited automatically and my mortgage and maintenance fee withdrawn automatically from my savings account. Yes I can use Automatic Transactions to list these four transactions and enter them one at a time into my savings account, but it would be nice to have the programs do this automatically without any actions on my part. Let's get to the bottom line. This is not only an excellent home financial program for the Apple IIGS, it also fills a rather large hole in this somewhat forgotten applications area. We should all give a hardy congratulations to Rick Adams for taking the time and effort to write such an outstanding financial program. The $35 Shareware fee is so very small considering what this program offers. This is not just a Shareware program, it is indeed commercial quality and we should be thankful that Rick decided to go the Shareware route because an equivalent commercial Finance GenuS would cost in the neighborhood of $90 to $100 dollars. I highly recommend this program for those among you that want to keep track of your home finances. ///////////////////////////////////////// GEnie_QWIK_QUOTE //// / "That is what I love so much about GEnie...I put a question / / in.....and out pops an answer. I wish we'd had this when I / / was in school. Thanks folks." / //////////////////////////////////////////// H.RASMUSSEN //// [EOA] [TEL]////////////////////////////// TELETALK ONLINE / ///////////////////////////////// Doing It Online! """""""""""""""" >>> THE SUPRA-FAX MODEM <<< """"""""""""""""""""""""""" SupraFAX Modem V.32bis A month and a half ago, my modem was hit by """""""""""""""""""""" lightning. I'm fortunate that it was the only piece of hardware affected. After wrestling with the insurance company for a few weeks, I collected, and bought a new SupraFAX Modem V.32bis. At first glance, it's a neat little modem. It's very small, about half that of most modems. It measures 6-3/8 by 4-5/8 by 1- 1/4 inches. The case is silver, and it has a black faceplate. The faceplate has four LED indicators, Off Hook (OH), Send Data (SD), Receive Data (RD), and Terminal Ready (TR). To the right of that are a pair of 5x7 dot matrix LED displays that show the rest of modem's modes and functions. Next to that is the power switch, a rarity on today's computer equipment. Finally somebody has put the power switch in an easy to reach location! The modem comes from the factory with two presets to get you up and running immediately. One is for IBM PC/Amiga/Atari owners (AT&F2), and the other is for Macintosh owners (AT&F1). Other settings allow you to set how the modem tells you its connect rate, and which protocols it uses. Some terminal software chokes on these extras, so it takes some time to determine just how your program will react. One very interesting command is AT%Q. When you are logged onto a BBS, return to command mode with +++, then type AT%Q. The number it gives you is the quality of the connection, from 0 being good, to 10 being awful. Then you can return to the BBS with ATO. The documentation is excellent. Included are a thick reference manual that explains every feature of the modem, all of its Hayes-compatible commands, a glossary of terms, and even an index; a Getting Started manual that explains how to install your terminal software (PC and Mac users only), what the different display codes are on the modem's fancy display, and a very basic guide to sending a FAX (if you have FAX software); and very handy reference card with all of the commands, the display codes, and even an RS-232 pinout. UP & RUNNING Okay, so how does it work? My first impressions are """""""""""" excellent. The character display is very interesting, and is certainly a change from the typical row of LED's found on most modems, although I would have preferred a larger display, since to a novice, a flashing sequence of 144, LP, DC, and CD don't mean much. What it does mean is a connect rate of 14,400 bps, LAP-M error correction (V.42), Data Compression (V.42bis), and Carrier Detect, respectively. After a while, I discovered a very annoying problem with this modem in particular. When first powered up, I have no problem connecting to any BBS. But after the first call, the modem will only connect using MNP error correction. Since performing a soft reset with the ATZ command didn't cure the problem, I found that powering the modem off and back on did the trick. CUSTOMER SUPPORT Now we get to Customer Support. It takes a while to """""""""""""""" get through to them, but once you do, they're very helpful. I tried all afternoon, and the line was busy. Finally, it rang, and I got the recording, "All operators are busy. Please stay on the line, and someone will be with you shortly." After about three minutes, someone came on. He was completely baffled with my problem, as it wasn't one they'd heard of. He was very knowledgeable and, and decided the easiest thing to do was to replace the modem. He said there were two ways to do it: I could send it back, and wait a few weeks for a new one; or I could give them a credit card number (as a deposit), and they would express-mail me a replacement, with a prepaid return envelope. The only catch is that there is a $20 charge for this. I opted for the faster way. Two days later, the UPS Red Label package arrived at 10:00 am. I sent the old modem back via Federal Express, in the included envelope. THE BOTTOM LINE The new modem works great! It has no problems that I """"""""""""""" have detected so far. I regularly achieve speeds in the high 1600 cps range, with V.42bis and Ymodem-G, on files compressed with Quester's LHARC. This modem really flies! I'm very pleased with it, and I recommend it to anyone looking for a good, low-cost high speed modem. The SupraFAX V.32bis retails for $399, but I have seen it as low as $309 from some mail order houses. This makes it one of the best deal in high speed modems. Supra Corporation 7101 Supra Drive SW Albany, Oregon 97321 Orders: 503-967-2410 Tech Support: 503-967-2440 BBS: 503-967-2444 [EOA] [LOG]////////////////////////////// LOG OFF / ///////////////////////////////// GEnieLamp Information """""""""""""""""""""" o COMMENTS: Contacting GEnieLamp o GEnieLamp STAFF: Who Are We? o GET_THE_LAMP Scripts & Macros o SEARCH-ME! Answers GEnieLamp GEnieLamp is monthly online magazine published in the """"""""" GEnieLamp RoundTable on page 515. You can also find GEnieLamp in the ST (475), the Macintosh (605), the IBM (615) Apple II (645), A2Pro (530), Unix (160), Mac Pro (480), A2 Pro (530) Geoworks (1050), BBS (610) and CE Software (1005) RoundTables. GEnieLamp can also be found on CrossNet, (soon) Internet America Online and many public and commercial BBS systems worldwide. We welcome and respond to all GEmail.To leave messages, suggestions or just to say hi, you can contact us at the following addresses: o John F. Peters [GENIELAMP] Senior Editor/RoundTable SysOp o Kent Fillmore [DRACO] Publisher/GEnie Product Manager U.S. MAIL """"""""" GEnieLamp Online Magazine % John Peters 5102 Galley Rd. #115/B Colorado Springs, CO 80915 GEnieLamp STAFF """""""""""""""" ATARI ST o John Gniewkowski [J.GNIEWKOWSK] ST Editor """""""" o David Holmes [D.HOLMES14] ST TX2 Editor o Fred Koch [F.KOCH] GEnieLamp[PR] Editor o Mel Motogawa [M.MOTOGAWA] ST Staff Writer o Terry Quinn [TQUINN] ST Staff Writer o Sheldon Winick [S.WINICK] ST Staff Writer o Richard Brown [R.BROWN30] ST Staff Writer IBM o Peter Bogert [P.BOGERT1] IBM Editor """ o Mark Quinn [M.QUINN3] IBM Co-Editor o Mark Dodge [M.DODGE2] IBM Staff Writer o Brad Biondo [B.BIONDO] IBM Staff Writer MACINTOSH o James Flanagan [J.FLANAGAN4] MAC Editor """"""""" o Richard Vega [R.VEGA] MAC Co-Editor o Tom Trinko [T.TRINKO] MAC Staff Writer o Bret Fledderjohn [FLEDDERJOHN] MAC Staff Writer o Erik C. Thauvin [MACSPECT] Technical Consultant APPLE II o Tom Schmitz [TOM.SCHMITZ] A2 Editor """""""" o Phil Shapiro [P.SHAPIRO1] A2 Co-Editor o Mel Fowler [MELSOFT] A2 Staff Writer ELSEWHERE o Brian Bradley [TRS-ASST] Staff Writer """"""""" o Jeffry Dwight [JEFFREY] Staff Writer CROSS-NET o Bruce Faulkner [R.FAULKNER4] BBS SysOp """"""""" GEnieLamp CONTRIBUTORS """""""""""""""""""""" o John Hoffman [JLHOFFMAN] o Jim Lubin [JIM.LUBIN] o Rob Glover [R.GLOVER3] o Scott Garrigus [S.GARRIGUS] o Mike White [M.WHITE] o Al Fasoldt [A.FASOLDT] o Ed Krimen [E.KRIMEN] o Steve Weyhrich [S.WEYHRICH] o Darrel Raines [D.RAINES] o Fred Olivas [F.OLIVAS] o Kirk Hollingsworth [HOLLINGSWRTH] o Dan Barter [D.BARTER] o Chris Innanen [C.INNANEN] o T.J. Girsch [T.GIRSCH] "GET_THE_LAMP" SCRIPTS NOW ONLINE GEnieLamp scripts are now available for """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" our IBM, Atari ST and Microphone II/White Knight Macintosh readers. These script files will allow you to download all the issues, or just the issues you want. As an added plus, you can also have Aladdin grab the latest copy of GEnieLamp while you sleep. Where can you Get_The_Lamp script? You'll find the Aladdin scripts in the GEnieLamp RT, [m515], Aladdin ST RT, [m1000] and the PCAladdin RT, [m110]. The Macintosh macros for White Knight and Microphone II are available in the GEnieLamp RT [m515], the Mac RT [m605] and the Freesoft RT [m585]. Search for LAMP to find the latest version. --> Get_The_Lamp. Scripts and macros make it easy! <-- SEARCH-ME! 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All articles must remain unedited and include the issue number and author at the top of each article reprinted. Reprint permission granted, unless otherwise noted, to registered computer user groups and not for profit publications. Opinions present herein are those of the individual authors and does not necessarily reflect those of the publisher or staff of GEnieLamp. We reserve the right to edit all letters and copy. Material published in this edition may be reprinted only with the following notice intact: \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\//////////////////////////////////// (c) Copyright 1992 T/TalkNET OnLine Publishing, GEnie, and the GEnie Computing RoundTables. To sign up for GEnie service, call (with modem) 1-800-638-8369. Upon connection type HHH. Wait for the U#= prompt. Type: XTX99368,GENIE and hit RETURN. The system will then prompt you for your information. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\//////////////////////////////////// [EOF] -- Jerry Penner jpenne@ee.ualberta.ca Try a 1-line .sig today.