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- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: polynomial roots and zero divisors
- Message-ID: <a_rubin.714955187@dn66>
- From: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (Arthur Rubin)
- Date: 27 Aug 92 22:39:47 GMT
- References: <27AUG199211450866@cs.umass.edu>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: dn66.dse.beckman.com
- Lines: 47
-
- In <27AUG199211450866@cs.umass.edu> rcollins@cs.umass.edu (Bob Collins) writes:
-
-
- > I would like to find the eigenvalues/vectors of a square
- >matrix. Unfortunately, the elements of the matrix are not
- >members of a field. In particular, they are "dual numbers",
- >defined in Yaglom's "Complex Numbers in Geometry" as a type of
- >complex number (a + b E), a and b being reals, and E being a
- >nilpotent imaginary unit; so E^2 = 0. Dual numbers form a
- >commutative ring, but they are not a field since any number
- >of the form (0 + a E) is a zero divisor.
-
- >Question: Can I find the eigenvalues of a matrix (roots of a
- >characteristic polynomial) whose elements (coefficients) are
- >from a commutative ring, but not a field?
-
- In the general case, perhaps not; but in this case, we have:
-
- M = A + B E; l (lambda) = a + b E; (A, B real matrices; a, b real numbers)
-
- Det[M - l I] = Det[A -a I + E (B - b I)]
- = Det[A -a I] + E (Sum(i) Det[A-a I with row i replaced by B - b I]) + E^2 ...
- = Det[A -a I] + E (Sum(i) Det[A-a I with row i replaced by B])
- - b E (Sum(i) Det[A - a I with row and column i removed]);
-
- which can be solved if the characteristic polynomial of A has distinct roots.
-
- If the characteristic polynomial of A does not have distinct roots, either
- here are fewer than n eigenvalues, or (a + x E) are eigenvalues for all x
- (for some a).
-
- Alternatively, a + b E is an eigenvalue of A + B E if
-
- (1) a is an eigenvalue of A of multiplicity 1 and the corresponding
- eigenvalue of A + B eps is a + b eps + o(eps) (for eps small), or
-
- (2) a is an eigenvalue of A of multiplicity > 1 and the corresponding
- eigenvalue(s) of A + B eps are a + O(eps).
-
- (This may not be obvious, but I believe it to be true.)
-
-
- --
- Arthur L. Rubin: a_rubin@dsg4.dse.beckman.com (work) Beckman Instruments/Brea
- 216-5888@mcimail.com 70707.453@compuserve.com arthur@pnet01.cts.com (personal)
- My opinions are my own, and do not represent those of my employer.
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-