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- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!unix!unix.sri.com!laws
- From: laws@ai.sri.com (Kenneth I. Laws)
- Newsgroups: comp.ai
- Subject: Re: AI Winter Refugees
- Message-ID: <LAWS.92Aug27002100@sunset.ai.sri.com>
- Date: 27 Aug 92 07:21:00 GMT
- References: <x+an!9a.vere@netcom.com>
- Sender: news@unix.SRI.COM
- Followup-To: comp.ai
- Organization: Computists International
- Lines: 77
- In-reply-to: vere@netcom.com's message of 25 Aug 92 03:47:35 GMT
-
- > From Steven Vere:
- > Countervaling views are welcome, but please be prepared to explain
- > the following phenomena: near-zero employment opportunities advertised
- > in AI Magazine and similar forums; near-zero recruiting at recent AAAI
- > conferences; major declines in attendance at AAAI over the past
- > several years.
-
- Hi, Steve!
-
- I second comments by Roberto Desimone, and stand in awe
- of Bill Park's essay. My own take on this is that we don't
- have an AI Winter. The original AI Winter, after the Lighthill
- report, shut down AI research in most of the UK (and drove
- Prolog researchers to the U.S.) When AI sprang back to life,
- there was a "gold rush" of schools, corporations, military
- services, and individuals trying to enter the field early.
-
- What we have now is merely a shakeout, or perhaps even the
- beginnings of a steady state. NSF's AI budget, although small,
- continues to increase. There have been no massive cuts at
- ONR, AFOSR, or NASA, so far as I know. The famous pioneers,
- or publishing scientists, of a decade ago are mostly still
- employed (and calling each other AAAI Fellows). AI journals
- and books are published at an incredible rate, and there are
- too many conferences, workshops, and symposia for us to even
- read the calendar notices. Universities everywhere now have
- AI professors and turn out AI-interested graduates in great
- numbers. (That wasn't true ten years ago.) AI tools are
- easily available -- your choice: public domain (by FTP or
- CD ROM), shareware, or commerically supported. Applications
- conferences are hot, and are well reported in the press. PBS
- just showed a series on computers and AI, and AI stories are
- common in newspapers and business magazines. This is not an
- AI Winter. It feels more like late Spring.
-
- So why aren't there jobs? Well, the recession is certainly
- a factor. So is the defense drawdown. (Defense R&D is predicted
- to be little effected, but even so the industry is waiting for
- new fiscal-year money.) DARPA cut back in neural-network
- research (although other agencies took up the slack); perhaps
- there have been other government cutbacks that I haven't tracked.
- There is certainly more emphasis on near-term results, but I'm
- not sure that has reduced total R&D spending.
-
- The real change has been in corporate AI. First, we've exceeded
- the three-year time frame that new labs were permitted. Second,
- we've already sold to anyone who was interested in buying. And
- third, business has learned that it doesn't need what we're
- selling. Companies are desperate for competitive advantage and
- survival, and only a few financial company see AI as offering
- immediate payback comparable to other management options.
-
- What we have here is a simple case of oversupply. We have
- produced more graduates and more consultants than the saturated
- market can support. Those who are employed are hanging on
- tight, so there are no job openings due to churning. Consultants
- and tools are plentiful, so new job slots can be filled with
- cheap labor -- recent graduates, or even AI wannabees -- and an
- occasional training session or consulting contract. A few more
- slots will open up as new vertical applications are attempted,
- but that happens less often than labs close down or jobs are
- eliminated.
-
- One begins to appreciate the genius of the American Medical
- Association in limiting the number of U.S. doctors.
-
- I'm afraid we're going to have to live with it. If jobs are
- attractive, supply will be plentiful and wages for most will
- be low. The laws of economics are the same for AI researchers
- as for athletes, actors, artists, professors, and librarians.
-
- -- Ken
- --
-
- Dr. Kenneth I. Laws, (415) 493-7390, laws@ai.sri.com.
- Moderator of the Computists International AI/IS/CS mutual-aid association.
- Ask about my weekly online career newsletter, The Computists' Communique.
-