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- Path: sparky!uunet!dtix!darwin.sura.net!jvnc.net!nuscc!bhonsle!bhonsle
- From: bhonsle@bhonsle.iss.nus.sg (Shailendra K Bhonsle)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: Re: u(v^n)w prime puzzle - HINTS
- Message-ID: <1992Aug20.043232.5087@nuscc.nus.sg>
- Date: 20 Aug 92 04:32:32 GMT
- References: <1992Aug19.194149.24353@wri.com>
- Sender: bhonsle@bhonsle (Shailendra K Bhonsle)
- Organization: Institute of Systems Science, NUS, Singapore
- Lines: 101
-
- In article <1992Aug19.194149.24353@wri.com>, roach@bikini.wri.com (Kelly Roach) writes:
- |>
- |>
- |>
- |> Prove or disprove: There are three non-empty
- |> strings of digits u,v,w such that all the
- |> numbers in
- |> L = {u(v^n)w | n is a natural number}
- |> = {uw, uvw, uvvw, uvvvw, uvvvvw, ...}
- |> are prime numbers.
- |>
- |>
- |> HINT TIME!!!
- |>
- |> This is the puzzle I posted Monday. Today I'll
- |> give out some hints. On Friday, I'll explain the
- |> solution if I can't get anyone to solve the problem
- |> before then.
- |>
- |> HINTS:
- |>
- |> (1) Fermat's Little Theorem says
- |>
- |> c^(p-1) = 1 (mod p)
- |>
- |> if p is prime and (c,p)=1.
- |> (2) Let a=|v|=length of v, b=|w|=length of w.
- |> Then
- |>
- |> u(v^n)w = u*10^(a*n+b) + v*Sum[10^(a*i+b),{i,0,n-1}] + w
- |>
- |> Consider the two pieces
- |>
- |> u*10^(a*n+b) + w
- |>
- |> v*Sum[10^(a*i+b),{i,0,n-1}]
- |>
- |> separately.
- |> (3) If prime number p does not divide 10, then
- |>
- |> 10^(a*i+b) (mod p)
- |>
- |> is a periodic function of i.
- |> (4) If uw is not a prime, there is not much to prove.
- |> Might as well assume uw is a prime number.
- |>
- |>
- |>
-
- --
- As I mentioned in my last article let us take prime p="uw".
-
- Let's call the first piece as I and the second piece as J.
-
- step 1: p=u*10^(b)+w
- I=u*10^(b)*10^(a*n) + w
- ==> I= u*10^(b) +w +u*10^(b)*{10^(an) -1}
- ==> I= p + u*10^(b)*{10^(an) -1}
-
- step 2: Either 10^(a)==1(mod p) or choose n such that n=p-1
- ==> p divides I
- and 10^(an) == 1(mod p) { Fermat's Little Theorem }
-
-
-
- step 3:
- J= v*Sum[10^(a*i+b),{i,0,n-1}]
- ==> J= v*10^b [ 1 + 10^a + 10^(2a) + ... + 10^((n-1)a)]
- ==> J= [v*10^b {10^(an) -1}]/[10^a - 1]
- Since from step 2 10^(an) -1 is divisible by p
- ==> If 10^a-1 is not divisible by p then J is divisible by p
-
-
- So we have proved so far that if p does not divide 10^a - 1 then pdivides J.
- And in this case it is not possible to have such triples {u,v,w}.
-
- Now we show that p cannot divide 10^a -1 to complete the proof.
-
-
-
- step 4:
- Assume p divides 10^a - 1
- p= u*10^b +w
-
-
- case 1: b > a
- let b=l* a + k k<b
- ==> 10^b== 10^k (mod p)
- ==> p divides u*10^k +w
- But this is not possible since u*10^k + w < u*10^b + w =p
- So in this case p does not divide 10^a - 1
-
- case 2: b <= a
- SIMPLE, Can you do it ?
-
- So we complete the proof.
-
-
-
-
- Shailendra
-