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- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- Path: sparky!uunet!psgrain!qiclab!gasco!taurus!fpf
- From: fpf@taurus.gasco.com (Frank Ferguson x3584)
- Subject: Comparative Advantage
- Message-ID: <1992Aug14.214534.6206@gasco.com>
- Sender: usenet@gasco.com (USENET poster ID)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: taurus
- Organization: NorthWest Natural Gas Company of Portland Oregon
- Distribution: na
- Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1992 21:45:34 GMT
- Lines: 93
-
- In his article: Free Trade or Comparative Advantage
- Robert Vienneau writes that Ricardian Comparative Advantage Theory
- attempts to demonstrate........
-
- <deletions>.......
-
- >that the employment impact of the new free trade agreement is nothing
- >to worry about.....
-
- <deletions>
-
- >This argument can be generalized to many countries, many goods, many
- >factors, and more flexible production conditions......
-
- <deletions>.......
-
- >This still does not mean that a sudden
- >removal or decrease in tariff barriers will not cause problems. An
- >adjustment process must occur in which a country's whole structure of
- >production is transformed for specialization in the production of a
- >different set of goods. Economists set themselves too easy a task if
- >they confine themselves to demonstrating that the sea is calm after the
- >storm has passed. These transitional problems remain. Capital goods
- >are not ectoplasm that can be instantly and costlessly transformed from
- >being appropriate to producing one set of goods to being appropriate for
- >another. Nor can one casually assume the ultimate direction in which
- >the economy is headed is independent of the route it travels to get
- >there.
-
- I believe that the transitional problems mentioned here are more
- serious than Mr. Vienneau seems to belive. Comparative advantage takes
- little heed of the path through which trading nations evolve. Were
- all parties to trade developed, industrialized nations (or at least
- highly developed agricultural producers), the movement in each nation
- to those comparatively advantaged areas of production would merely be
- moderately disruptive. The long run goal of optimized global efficiency
- could be achieved, therefore, without serious short to medium
- term economic effects. Such is not the case in the present.
-
- Increased free trade has had the effect of fueling development in
- less developed (or developing) areas of the world. Countries (particularly
- on the Pacific Rim) have achieved substantial growth through a shift
- in manufacturing activities away from the developed industrial nations
- to those offering more attractive wage costs. This movement benefits
- everyone so long as the purchasing nations do not lose the ability
- to continue fueling this development through their consumer demand.
-
- As a practical matter, the developed nations cannot expect to maintain
- their ability to consume these imported goods unless they produce an
- equivalent stream of items which can be sold to the people in these
- developing supplier nations (or other countries).
- As employment and manufacturing facilities
- increasingly locate in low wage, offshore centers, people in the developed
- nations will be required to accept lower wages and standards of living in
- order to compete against foreign goods and for investment.
-
- On used to assume, of course, that highly capital intensive industrial
- jobs would be retained in the developed world because of their inherent
- efficiency advantage over the less capital supplied workers in the
- developing world. The tendency now, it seems, it for manufacturers to
- construct factories with the latest capital equipment in those developing
- countries. This results in these developing nations having advanced
- capital and low wages as well.
-
- Given the disparity between income and wage levels between the developed
- and developing world; and given the vast number of potential workers in
- the developing world's low wage pool, one would expect the process of
- lowering the industrial nation's workers wage level to go on for some
- time. At the extreme, the wages of people in all nations would achieve
- the a common level, and given the current situation that would mean that
- wage earners in developed countries would see their wages fall to
- equality with those of third world competitors.
-
- Obviously, such a drastic outcome would take time. In the shorter run,
- one might expect to see chronic "depression" in the more advanced nations
- as consumers reacted pessimistically to falling (or at best stagnant) living
- standards. These "depressed" conditions would tend to reduce demand for
- the output of the developing, trading nations, thus slowing the gains
- these nations make and the pace of development within their economies.
-
- The probable effect of free trade, in the medium to long term, is to
- depress wages and living conditions in the developed nations and to
- (perhaps slowly) improve conditions in the less developed world. After perhaps
- several hundred years, the process of free trade and investment may well
- significantly improve global living standards and achieve the global
- efficiencies which original theorists said it would. In the meantime however,
- in our and our childrens lifetimes (at least), the promise of free trade
- is very bleak.
-
- francis p ferguson
-
-
-
-