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- From: jlacey@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (james.w.lacey)
- Newsgroups: sci.econ
- Subject: Re: Free Trade or Comparative Advantage
- Message-ID: <1992Aug14.155925.4354@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
- Date: 14 Aug 92 15:59:25 GMT
- References: <9208140247.AA13878@lenny.kaman.com>
- Distribution: na
- Organization: AT&T
- Lines: 53
-
- In article <9208140247.AA13878@lenny.kaman.com> rob@KAMAN.COM (Rob Vienneau) writes:
- >In this forum, a Stanford economist recently began a discussion by
- >stating, in the usual authoritarian and obscurantist manner typical of
- >the higher learning, that the theory of comparative advantage shows
- >that the employment impact of the new free trade agreement is nothing
- >to worry about. .....
- >
-
- In essense the critism of Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage
- is that it is a *static* theory and may not apply to a *dynamic*
- situation.
-
- ....
- >Here is a rational reconstruction of Ricardo's example. Suppose both
- >England and Portugal consume only two goods, cloth and wine. Suppose
- >cloth and wine are both produced with only one factor of production,
- >labor. Furthermore, suppose the given technology exhibits constant
- >returns to scale such that:
- >
- >In England, 100 men are needed per square yard of cloth produced
- > 120 men are needed per barrel wine produced
- >
- >In Portugal, 90 men are needed per square yard of cloth produced
- > 80 men are needed per barrel of wine produced.
- >
- >Suppose the level of employment is given in both countries. Note that
- >for any level employment, Portugal can produce more of any basket of
- >goods (x square yards of cloth, y barrels of wine). That is, Portugal
- >has an absolute advantage in both goods. Nevertheless, both countries
- >gain, assuming they are interested in maximizing consumption for their
- >given levels of employment, if they engage in trade in consumer goods.
- >For a certain range of prices, England should produce only cloth, and
- >Portugal should specialize in wine. ....
-
- Using Ricardo's example, here is a dynamic wrinkle...
-
- If we assume that free trade and comparative advantage is operational,
- the per-capita income and demand for both goods of both countries increase.
- If we may consider wine a food item, Engel's law states that
- the proportion a consumer's income going to food decreases with
- income. As England's per-capita income doubled, its consumption
- of wine would increase, but less than double. Manufactured items
- like cloth are less likely to follow the Engel pattern, thus
- Portugal's demand for cloth should double if per-capital income
- doubles. Real world data seems to show that because of declining demand
- for food, and for primary products in general, there exits
- declining terms of trade between industrial focused and agriculturally
- focused countries (with the decline harming the agricultural).
-
- --
- Jim Lacey -- my own opinions
- email: att!cbnewsl!jlacey or jlacey@cbnewsl.cb.att.com
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-