home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!caen!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!usc!goldberg
- From: goldberg@twister.usc.edu (Kenneth Goldberg)
- Newsgroups: comp.robotics
- Subject: Recent NSF Workshop
- Date: 18 Aug 1992 13:18:22 -0700
- Organization: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Lines: 150
- Sender: goldberg@twister.usc.edu (Kenneth Goldberg)
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <l92moeINN2ir@twister.usc.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: twister.usc.edu
-
-
- Anyone interested in current research issues, especially with
- regard to factory applications, is invited to read the following.
- An expanded version is also available via ftp.
-
- Summary Report and Bibliography
- Workshop on Geometric Uncertainty in Motion Planning
- Catalina Island, CA. June 15-17, 1992
- (Sponsored in part by National Science Foundation grant IRI-9208161)
-
- Organizers:
- Goldberg, Ken, USC
- Mason, Matt, CMU
- Requicha, Ari, USC
-
- NSF Coordinator:
- Howard Moraff, NSF IRIS Div.
-
- Participants:
- Agraval, Amit, USC
- Brost, Randy, Sandia
- Cameron, Alec, Philips
- Canny, John, UC Berkeley
- Carlisle, Brian, Adept Technology Inc.
- Erdmann, Mike, CMU
- Gottschlich, Susan, RPI
- Jennings, Jim, Cornell
- Latombe, Jean-Claude, Stanford
- Lozano-Perez, Tomas, MIT
- Lumelsky, Vladimir, UWisc
- Mishra, Bud, NYU
- Peshkin, Mike, Northwestern
- Popplestone, Robin, UMass
- Rao, Anil, USC
- Rimon, Elon, Caltech
- Sanderson, Art, RPI
- Strip, David, Sandia
- Tilove, Bob, GM
- Yap, Chee, NYU
-
- -----------------------------------------------------
- Introduction:
-
- In robotics, the problem of planning *collision-free* motions has
- received considerable attention in the past decade; results have now
- been collected into a textbook (Latombe, 1991). For manufacturing
- however, robots must bring parts into contact for grasping, packing
- and assembly. As noted by Latombe, the problem of planning reliable
- "collisions" is complicated by geometric uncertainty: things differ
- from their ideal shapes, and they are not where they're supposed to
- be. Since human programmers have difficulty keeping track of all
- possible conditions, automated planning methods are needed so that
- robots can become more reliable and practical for industry.
-
- There is a formal approach to planning that addresses uncertainties
- arising from: sensor noise, control error, and inaccurate models of
- the environment. This approach, based on the geometry of
- configuration space, is sometimes called *fine motion planning* due to
- a seminal paper by Lozano-Perez, Mason, and Taylor (1984).
-
- With the support of several NSF programs (particularly Robotics and
- Machine Intelligence and Dynamic Systems and Control) the Catalina
- workshop brought together a group of researchers and
- representatives from industry to review past work, assess its impact
- on industry, and recommend priorities for future research.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------
- Summary of Observations and Recommendations
-
- This section briefly summarizes the observations and recommendations
- made during the workshop. Following is a detailed summary of
- individual presentations and a list of relevant references.
-
- While sensing has traditionally been used to reduce geometric
- uncertainty, mechanical compliance (intentionally sliding parts
- against each other) is a useful alternative. Although compliance is
- widely used in manufacturing, for example in vibratory bowl feeders,
- computational algorithms for applying these techniques are only
- beginning to emerge. One fundamental question is how to discretize
- the infinite set of robot commands into a manageable set of
- equivalence classes. Another question is how to incorporate sensor
- queries with robot commands to decide when parts have been
- successfully arranged.
-
- Planning for repetitive assembly occurs off-line. The LMT paper and
- subsequent publications provide a useful computational framework based
- on backchaining from a goal configuration. In its most general form,
- motion planning with uncertainty is computationally intractable.
- However in non-pathological cases, existing algorithms find robust
- plans in a few minutes. Further speedups may be gained with
- randomized or approximate algorithms.
-
- It is easier to plan with less information. This follows from the
- fact that there are fewer alternatives to consider during planning.
- Thus automated planning may be most efficient for robot systems with
- few degrees of freedom and simple sensors. Also, detailed geometric
- analysis can be avoided during the non-contact phases of assembly.
-
- Planning should not be restricted to robot commands. In a structured
- environment such as a factory, the environment itself can be viewed as
- a variable, ie, the design of sensors, feeders, and fixtures can be
- specified based on part geometry. Furthermore, we can in principle
- modify part geometry and tolerances to facilitate manufacture.
- Although humans have designed workcells for decades, automated
- planning algorithms could greatly reduce set-up times and increase
- performance efficiency for competitive manufacturing.
-
- Industrial users require reliable systems. Although the primary
- motivation behind autonomous planning is to increase robot
- reliability, the algorithms must be rigorously tested with physical
- experiments. New planning software should be made accessible to the
- manufacturing community. This requires code that is compatible with
- existing CAD systems and well-designed user interfaces. A PhD should
- not be required to reprogram robots on the factory floor.
-
- Measures of progress are needed in this area. Latombe's text is a
- good start. To develop the scientific base for automated manufacture,
- it will be important to identify and solve well-formed research
- problems that explicitly address geometric uncertainty.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------
- Summary of Presentations:
-
- ...
-
- To get and print a copy of the full (19 pp.) report on
- UNIX systems:
-
- % ftp 128.125.51.19
- Connected to palenque.usc.edu.
- 220 palenque.usc.edu FTP server (SunOS 4.1) ready.
- Name (palenque.usc.edu:saavedra): anonymous
- 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
- Password:
- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
- ftp> cd pub
- 200 PORT command successful.
- ftp> get USC_IRIS_297.ps.Z
- ftp> quit
- % uncompress USC_IRIS_297.ps.Z
- % lpr USC_IRIS_297.ps
-
- Or, for a hardcopy contact:
-
- Delsa Castelo
- IRIS Group, 204 Powell Hall
- University Park, University of Southern California
- Los Angeles, CA 90089-0273
-
-
-