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- Newsgroups: sci.aeronautics.airliners
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!unixhub!ditka!ohare!news
- From: kls@ohare.Chicago.COM (Karl Swartz)
- Subject: Re: Domestic Aircraft
- References: <airliners.1993.71@ohare.Chicago.COM> <airliners.1993.89@ohare.Chicago.COM> <airliners.1993.93@ohare.Chicago.COM>
- Message-ID: <airliners.1993.100@ohare.Chicago.COM>
- Approved: kls@ohare.Chicago.COM
- Sender: kls@ohare.Chicago.COM
- Date: 22 Jan 93 02:59:52 PST
- Lines: 80
-
- Michael Weiss asks:
- >This had me wondering something. Clearly, aircraft with long ranges (such as
- >the 767, 747, DC-10, etc., etc.) can be flown directly from the US to any
- >nation, so delivery is no more complicated than flying to the appropriate
- >country. What about the shorter-range aircraft, like the 727 and 737? How
- >do they get from the US to, say, the middle east?
-
- And Robert Dorsett replies:
- [interesting stuff about EROPS deleted]
-
- As a note to any other readers who had to read this a few times to
- really follow it, Robert is talking about extended range operations
- in a fairly general sense, not the more familiar and controversial
- specific topic of flying twin-engine aircraft on trans-oceanic
- flights. One example of the issues involved beyond overwater ops
- is the recent cancellation of United's Round-the-World offerings,
- which was the result of the pilots refusing to fly the leg between
- Hong Kong and Delhi. United chose to operate this segment with a
- 767 using a route that would pass over the Himalayas; the pilots
- objected because of the 767's inability to maintain sufficient
- altitude over the mountains with one engine out. (Why exactly the
- route went over the Himalayas is not entirely clear to me, since
- it would be quite easy to go slightly south and avoid them, but that
- is another topic.)
-
- >Extended-range twin operations is often referred to as "ETOPS."
-
- My favorite interpretation of that acronym is "Engines Turn or
- Passengers Swim," which I've heard is popular amongst pilots. :-)
-
- >Ferry operations, which you refer to, are simply a subset of a generic EROPS
- >class, minus the unique particulars which might qualify an airplane for max.
- >range.
-
- By "unique particulars ... for max. range" are you referring to extra
- fuel tanks? As has been mentioned elsewhere the standard tankage can
- be extended with fuel bladders, and often is for long ferry flights,
- so the basic aircraft may indeed not be equipped with sufficient fuel
- tankage for a long delivery flight.
-
- Other equipment, though, such as additional redundancy required for a
- twin to fly regular ETOPS wouldn't necessarily be on the aircraft. I
- doubt they'd add that stuff just so they could deliver it!
-
- >for long-range delivery flights, there is no alternative but to stage
- >it in short hops
-
- This simply isn't true, unless you consider "short hops" something
- approaching transcontinental range, where I'm rather ethnocentrically
- referring to the North American continent. Consider Hawaii. The
- closest major airport is San Francisco, nearly 2,400 air miles away.
- Yet Aloha operates 737s and Hawaiian has DC-9s; Aloha Commuter even
- has De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otters!
-
- I'll bet the jets flew there from the U.S. That's an awful stretch
- for the Twin Otters. They may have come from the other direction --
- Midway Island is the closest place with an airport, I believe, but
- even with that route and several additional island hops from Asia
- there are 1,400 mile legs which are probably at the limits of, if not
- beyond, the normal range of a Twin Otter. Of course that's turning
- into a rather expensive delivery odyssey for an aircraft made in
- Canada!
-
- The alternative is to add fuel bladders and carry a maximum load of
- fuel, with as little else as you can get away with. Perhaps in some
- cases it may even be necessary to go to the extreme of stripping out
- the interior to eliminate unnecessary weight.
-
- While it's reaching beyond the topic of airliners a bit, there is of
- course yet another option for small aircraft -- go over aboard a boat
- or fly inside a bigger aircraft. (The Air Force ferried F-117A Stealth
- fighters to Europe and back inside C-5B cargo jets, though this was
- before their existance had been acknowledged and may well have been
- more for secrecy reasons than range limitations.)
-
- --
- Karl Swartz |INet kls@ditka.chicago.com
- 1-415/854-3409 |UUCP uunet!decwrl!ditka!kls
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