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- From: velde2@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu (Francois Velde)
- Newsgroups: rec.heraldry
- Subject: Re: Coats of Arms of European Powers...
- Message-ID: <1k4dr8INNrfi@jhunix.hcf.jhu.edu>
- Date: 26 Jan 93 22:26:48 GMT
- References: <1993Jan25.020913.12833@vela.acs.oakland.edu>
- Organization: Homewood Academic Computing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA
- Lines: 46
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- In article <1993Jan25.020913.12833@vela.acs.oakland.edu> atterlep@vela.acs.oakland.edu (Cardinal Ximenez) writes:
- > What were the exact achievements for the following countries in 1900?
- >
- > Germany
- > Austria
- > France
- > Russia
- > Turkey
- > Italy
- >
- > References will be helpful is the full answers are too long.
-
- The full answers are indeed quite long. I can think of two references:
- John Woodward's A Treatise on Heraldry (1892; reprinted 1969), who gives
- the national arms of most European countries (as of 1892) in his chapter
- 23. Also, one may look up an old encyclopedia, such as Meyer's Lexicon,
- in a pre-war edition: Meyer's usually illustrates and blazons the arms
- of a country under that country's name.
-
- Here are a few, from Woodward:
- -Germany: single-headed eagle sable, armed and langued gules, over its head
- the crown of Charlemagne. On its breast an escutcheon bearing Prussia:
- Argent, a single-headed eagle displayed sable, crowned, with Kleestengeln or,
- armed gules, holding scepter and orb, on its breast Hohenzollern (quarterly
- argent and sable).
- -Austria: double-headed eagle sable, armed, beaked or, holding sword
- and orb, over its head an imperial crown. On its breast an escutcheon tierced
- in pale Habsburg, Austria (Gules a fess Argent) and Lorraine (Lothringen).
- On its wings the arms of various possessions (Hungary, Bohemia, etc).
- -Russia: double-headed eagle sable, armed, beaked gules, holding scepter
- and orb, over its head an imperial crown. On its breast an escutcheon bearing
- Moscow: Gules, St.George slaying the dragon, proper. On its wings the
- arms of various possessions (Kazan, Siberia, Poland, Finland, etc).
- -Italy: Gules, a cross argent (Savoy). The flag used to be the modern flag
- with that escutcheon in the middle.
- -Turkey: Gules, a crescent decrescent, and an estoile within its horns argent.
- (like the modern flag).
- -France: no arms to speak of after 1870. One sometimes sees The letters RF
- (Republique Francaise) or on a field azure; sometimes a fasces with a liberty
- cap over it and olive and oak branches around it.
-
-
-
- --
-
- Francois Velde
-