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- From: andrewt@watson.ibm.com (Andrew Taylor)
- Subject: Re: Toxic Bird?
- Sender: news@watson.ibm.com (NNTP News Poster)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.035451.29856@watson.ibm.com>
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 03:54:51 GMT
- Disclaimer: This posting represents the poster's views, not necessarily those of IBM
- References: <1jvkhaINN6ja@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mothra6.watson.ibm.com
- Organization: IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
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- In article <1jvkhaINN6ja@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu> br105@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Jeffrey A. Del Col) writes:
- >This is a New Guinea sp. found to have toxic feathers and skin.
- >Can anyone provide more information about this? The article mentions
- >a John Dumbacher as the scientist who discovered the bird's toxicity
- >Does anyone know of any other species of bird with such properties?
-
- Below is an article I posted at the time. Its been suggested some African
- birds contain chemicals which make them very unpalatable but the Pitohuis
- are the first species known which are acutely toxic.
-
- A recent issue of Science (30 October) has a paper describing the discovery
- that New Guinea birds in the genus Pitohui contain a potent
- alkloid, homobatachotoxin. This toxin was previously only
- known from the poison-dart frogs (Phyllobates) of Latin America.
-
- The toxin is mainly found in the skin and ito a lesser extent the feathers.
- Levels are highest in the Hooded Pitohui which contains roughly 20 micrograms
- of the toxin. 0.01 micrograms will kill a mouse if injected.
-
- The unpalatability of the Hooded Pitohuis was well known to New Guinea natives
- but apparently had not been investigated by biologists until a grad student
- handled one in a mist net with a cut hand. His hand stung and when he
- placed it is his mouth, his mouth when numb. Sometime later when they caught
- another Pitohui he took a feather and placed it in his mouth producing
- the same effect.
-
- Species with chemical defenses are often conspicuous. The Science paper
- suggests Hooded Pitohuis are brightly coloured and have a strong odour.
- The Hooded Pitohui is pictured on the cover of Science and although
- not nondescript, it appears less strikingly coloured than many (presumably)
- non-toxic Australian passerines in the same family. I think much more
- evidence is needed to claim that the Pitohuis colouration is an adaptation
- to advertise their chemical defense. Maybe a stronger case can be made for
- their odour.
-
- The paper also suggests the similarity of appearance of immature greater
- melampittas (Melampitta gigantea) might be mimicry. Again this seems dubious
- as the melampitta doesn't too look much different to lots of other small brown
- birds. Obviously there is some interesting field-work to be done.
-
- Andrew Taylor
-