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- From: dunne@math.okstate.edu (Ed Dunne)
- Subject: Re: Power and current
- Message-ID: <C1DAMI.2JF@math.okstate.edu>
- Keywords: Power and current
- Organization: Oklahoma State University, Math Department
- References: <C1Bq16.2EA@math.okstate.edu> <laird.727847558@pasture.ecn.purdue.edu> <4172@ecicrl.ocunix.on.ca>
- Date: Sun, 24 Jan 1993 16:47:05 GMT
- Lines: 58
-
- clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca (Chris Lewis) writes:
-
- >>>If I have an appliance with a heating element rated at 850 watts, how
- >>>much current (in amps) is it going to draw in a standard 110V circuit?
-
- ...
-
- >We'll presume, for the moment, that the "appliance" contains only
- >the heating element, and not additional circuitry that draws a lot of
- >power.
-
- ... TRUE
-
- >>So...this is one of the few instances where Watts are equivalent to
- >>Volt-Amps (VA).
-
- ...
-
- >>Thus, current is found by dividing watts (VA) by voltage. In this case,
- >>850VA/110A=7.7A.
-
- >Or 850/120=7A (120 is the nominal no-load voltage on a "110V circuit", or
- >maybe even 850/125. Remember that the voltage can vary by up to about 10%,
- >so the plate rating should be relative to the highest permissible voltage
- >on the line. That being said, I'd personally call this 10A for circuit
- >planning purposes.
-
- >>No need to worry about start-up or overload surges either...
-
- >Actually, there are start-up surges with resistive heating elements.
- >Most resistive loads (lamps and heaters) exhibit a positive
- >temperature:resistance coefficient. That is, as the temperature goes
- >up, the resistance goes up too. The surge wouldn't be that large,
- >not like a motor with startup surges of a factor of 3 or more, or
- >an incandescent bulb where surge is probably on the order of a factor
- >of 1.5 to 2. But 30% isn't unreasonable - I wouldn't put a fast-blo
- >8A fuse in series with that appliance...
- >--
-
-
- The appliance that I originally wrote about is an old Italian
- coffee-maker. So the load _is_ purely resistive. The switches on the
- machine needed replacing after many years of service. I had gone to
- Radio Shack and bought the small switches with the highest amp-rating
- they had on hand, figuring that that would be good enough (6 amps). After
- blowing the switches and the fuses twice, I tried looking through my
- old physics books to find the critical formula. There was lots on
- Maxwell's equations and other swell stuff, but not what I wanted.
- Since the circuit has a 15 amp fuse in it and at the time of the
- second blow the only other item on the circuit was a light with two 75
- Watt bulbs, I do believe that there is a significant start-up surge.
- However, the fuse and switch blew when I turned on the machine when it
- was still slightly warm. Hmmm.
-
- Thanks to everyone who replied. I have now found 10 amp switches that
- are working fine -- so far.
-
- EGD
-